124 lines
No EOL
60 KiB
HTML
124 lines
No EOL
60 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" dir="ltr" data-theme="dark" data-has-toc data-has-sidebar class="astro-bguv2lll"> <head><meta charset="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><title>Start here | ISPmail Guide</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://workaround.org/ispmail-bookworm/"/><link rel="sitemap" href="/sitemap-index.xml"/><script src="https://rybbit.workaround.org/api/script.js" data-site-id="1" async defer></script><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml"/><meta name="generator" content="Astro v5.16.6"/><meta name="generator" content="Starlight v0.35.3"/><meta property="og:title" content="Start here"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://workaround.org/ispmail-bookworm/"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en"/><meta property="og:description"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="ISPmail Guide"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><script>
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<style>@layer starlight.components{:root{--sl-badge-default-border: var(--sl-color-accent);--sl-badge-default-bg: var(--sl-color-accent-low);--sl-badge-default-text: #fff;--sl-badge-note-border: var(--sl-color-blue);--sl-badge-note-bg: var(--sl-color-blue-low);--sl-badge-note-text: #fff;--sl-badge-danger-border: var(--sl-color-red);--sl-badge-danger-bg: var(--sl-color-red-low);--sl-badge-danger-text: #fff;--sl-badge-success-border: var(--sl-color-green);--sl-badge-success-bg: var(--sl-color-green-low);--sl-badge-success-text: #fff;--sl-badge-caution-border: var(--sl-color-orange);--sl-badge-caution-bg: var(--sl-color-orange-low);--sl-badge-caution-text: #fff;--sl-badge-tip-border: var(--sl-color-purple);--sl-badge-tip-bg: var(--sl-color-purple-low);--sl-badge-tip-text: #fff}[data-theme=light]:root{--sl-badge-default-bg: var(--sl-color-accent-high);--sl-badge-note-bg: var(--sl-color-blue-high);--sl-badge-danger-bg: var(--sl-color-red-high);--sl-badge-success-bg: var(--sl-color-green-high);--sl-badge-caution-bg: var(--sl-color-orange-high);--sl-badge-tip-bg: var(--sl-color-purple-high)}.sl-badge:where(.astro-avdet4wd){display:inline-block;border:1px solid var(--sl-color-border-badge);border-radius:.25rem;font-family:var(--sl-font-system-mono);line-height:normal;color:var(--sl-color-text-badge);background-color:var(--sl-color-bg-badge);overflow-wrap:anywhere}.sidebar-content .sl-badge:where(.astro-avdet4wd){line-height:1;font-size:var(--sl-text-xs);padding:.125rem .375rem}.sidebar-content a[aria-current=page]>.sl-badge:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: transparent;--sl-color-border-badge: currentColor;color:inherit}.default:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: var(--sl-badge-default-bg);--sl-color-border-badge: var(--sl-badge-default-border);--sl-color-text-badge: var(--sl-badge-default-text)}.note:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: var(--sl-badge-note-bg);--sl-color-border-badge: var(--sl-badge-note-border);--sl-color-text-badge: var(--sl-badge-note-text)}.danger:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: var(--sl-badge-danger-bg);--sl-color-border-badge: var(--sl-badge-danger-border);--sl-color-text-badge: var(--sl-badge-danger-text)}.success:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: var(--sl-badge-success-bg);--sl-color-border-badge: var(--sl-badge-success-border);--sl-color-text-badge: var(--sl-badge-success-text)}.tip:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: var(--sl-badge-tip-bg);--sl-color-border-badge: var(--sl-badge-tip-border);--sl-color-text-badge: var(--sl-badge-tip-text)}.caution:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: var(--sl-badge-caution-bg);--sl-color-border-badge: var(--sl-badge-caution-border);--sl-color-text-badge: var(--sl-badge-caution-text)}.small:where(.astro-avdet4wd){font-size:var(--sl-text-xs);padding:.125rem .25rem}.medium:where(.astro-avdet4wd){font-size:var(--sl-text-sm);padding:.175rem .35rem}.large:where(.astro-avdet4wd){font-size:var(--sl-text-base);padding:.225rem .45rem}.sl-markdown-content :is(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6) .sl-badge:where(.astro-avdet4wd){vertical-align:middle}}
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@layer starlight.components{.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc){--sl-card-border: var(--sl-color-purple);--sl-card-bg: var(--sl-color-purple-low);border:1px solid var(--sl-color-gray-5);background-color:var(--sl-color-black);padding:clamp(1rem,calc(.125rem + 3vw),2.5rem);flex-direction:column;gap:clamp(.5rem,calc(.125rem + 1vw),1rem)}.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc):nth-child(4n+1){--sl-card-border: var(--sl-color-orange);--sl-card-bg: var(--sl-color-orange-low)}.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc):nth-child(4n+3){--sl-card-border: var(--sl-color-green);--sl-card-bg: var(--sl-color-green-low)}.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc):nth-child(4n+4){--sl-card-border: var(--sl-color-red);--sl-card-bg: var(--sl-color-red-low)}.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc):nth-child(4n+5){--sl-card-border: var(--sl-color-blue);--sl-card-bg: var(--sl-color-blue-low)}.title:where(.astro-v5tidmuc){font-weight:600;font-size:var(--sl-text-h4);color:var(--sl-color-white);line-height:var(--sl-line-height-headings);gap:1rem;align-items:center}.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc) .icon:where(.astro-v5tidmuc){border:1px solid var(--sl-card-border);background-color:var(--sl-card-bg);padding:.2em;border-radius:.25rem;flex-shrink:0}.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc) .body:where(.astro-v5tidmuc){margin:0;font-size:clamp(var(--sl-text-sm),calc(.5rem + 1vw),var(--sl-text-body))}}
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@layer starlight.components{svg:where(.astro-c6vsoqas){color:var(--sl-icon-color);font-size:var(--sl-icon-size, 1em);width:1em;height:1em}}
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@layer starlight.components{starlight-tabs:where(.astro-esqgolmp){display:block}.tablist-wrapper:where(.astro-esqgolmp){overflow-x:auto}:where(.astro-esqgolmp)[role=tablist]{display:flex;list-style:none;border-bottom:2px solid var(--sl-color-gray-5);padding:0}.tab:where(.astro-esqgolmp){margin-bottom:-2px}.tab:where(.astro-esqgolmp)>:where(.astro-esqgolmp)[role=tab]{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;padding:0 1.25rem;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:2px solid var(--sl-color-gray-5);color:var(--sl-color-gray-3);outline-offset:var(--sl-outline-offset-inside);overflow-wrap:initial}.tab:where(.astro-esqgolmp) :where(.astro-esqgolmp)[role=tab][aria-selected=true]{color:var(--sl-color-white);border-color:var(--sl-color-text-accent);font-weight:600}.tablist-wrapper:where(.astro-esqgolmp)~[role=tabpanel]{margin-top:1rem}}
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@layer starlight.components{.sl-steps{--bullet-size: calc(var(--sl-line-height) * 1rem);--bullet-margin: .375rem;list-style:none;counter-reset:steps-counter var(--sl-steps-start, 0);padding-inline-start:0}.sl-steps>li{counter-increment:steps-counter;position:relative;padding-inline-start:calc(var(--bullet-size) + 1rem);padding-bottom:1px;min-height:calc(var(--bullet-size) + var(--bullet-margin))}.sl-steps>li+li{margin-top:0}.sl-steps>li:before{content:counter(steps-counter);position:absolute;top:0;inset-inline-start:0;width:var(--bullet-size);height:var(--bullet-size);line-height:var(--bullet-size);font-size:var(--sl-text-xs);font-weight:600;text-align:center;color:var(--sl-color-white);background-color:var(--sl-color-gray-6);border-radius:99rem;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px var(--sl-color-gray-5)}.sl-steps>li:after{--guide-width: 1px;content:"";position:absolute;top:calc(var(--bullet-size) + var(--bullet-margin));bottom:var(--bullet-margin);inset-inline-start:calc((var(--bullet-size) - var(--guide-width)) / 2);width:var(--guide-width);background-color:var(--sl-color-hairline-light)}}@layer starlight.content{.sl-steps>li>:first-child{--lh: calc(1em * var(--sl-line-height));--shift-y: calc(.5 * (var(--bullet-size) - var(--lh)));transform:translateY(var(--shift-y));margin-bottom:var(--shift-y)}.sl-steps>li>:first-child:where(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6){--lh: calc(1em * var(--sl-line-height-headings))}@supports (--prop: 1lh){.sl-steps>li>:first-child{--lh: 1lh}}}
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@layer starlight.components{starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm){--x-space: 1.5rem;--y-space: .125rem;--y-pad: 0;display:block;border:1px solid var(--sl-color-gray-5);padding:1rem;background-color:var(--sl-color-gray-6);font-size:var(--sl-text-xs);font-family:var(--__sl-font-mono);overflow-x:auto}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details{border:0;padding:0;padding-inline-start:var(--x-space);background:transparent}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary{margin-inline-start:calc(-1 * var(--x-space));border:0;padding:var(--y-pad) .625rem;font-weight:400;color:var(--sl-color-white);max-width:100%}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary::marker,starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary::-webkit-details-marker{color:var(--sl-color-gray-3)}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary:hover,starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary:hover .tree-icon{cursor:pointer;color:var(--sl-color-text-accent);fill:currentColor}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary:hover~ul{border-color:var(--sl-color-gray-4)}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary:hover .highlight .tree-icon{color:var(--sl-color-text-invert);fill:currentColor}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) ul{margin-inline-start:.5rem;border-inline-start:1px solid var(--sl-color-gray-5);padding:0;padding-inline-start:.125rem;list-style:none}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm)>ul{margin:0;border:0;padding:0}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) li{margin:var(--y-space) 0;padding:var(--y-pad) 0}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .file{margin-inline-start:calc(var(--x-space) - .125rem);color:var(--sl-color-white)}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .tree-entry{display:inline-flex;align-items:flex-start;flex-wrap:wrap;max-width:calc(100% - 1rem)}@media(min-width:30em){starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .tree-entry{flex-wrap:nowrap}}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .tree-entry>:first-child{flex-shrink:0}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .empty{color:var(--sl-color-gray-3);padding-inline-start:.375rem}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .comment{color:var(--sl-color-gray-3);padding-inline-start:1.625rem;max-width:24rem;min-width:12rem}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .highlight{display:inline-block;border-radius:.25rem;padding-inline-end:.5rem;color:var(--sl-color-text-invert);background-color:var(--sl-color-text-accent)}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) svg{display:inline;fill:var(--sl-color-gray-3);vertical-align:middle;margin-inline:.25rem .375rem;width:.875rem;height:.875rem}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .highlight svg.tree-icon{fill:currentColor}}
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@layer starlight.components{.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa){align-items:center;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:999rem;display:inline-flex;font-size:var(--sl-text-sm);gap:.5em;line-height:1.1875;outline-offset:.25rem;padding:.4375rem 1.125rem;text-decoration:none}.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa).primary{background:var(--sl-color-text-accent);border-color:var(--sl-color-text-accent);color:var(--sl-color-black)}.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa).primary:hover{color:var(--sl-color-black)}.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa).secondary{border-color:inherit;color:var(--sl-color-white)}.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa).minimal{color:var(--sl-color-white);padding-inline:0}.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa) svg{flex-shrink:0}@media(min-width:50rem){.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa){font-size:var(--sl-text-base);padding:.9375rem 1.25rem}}.sl-markdown-content .sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa){margin-inline-end:1rem}.sl-markdown-content .sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa):not(:where(p *)){margin-block:1rem}}
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</style><script type="module" src="/_astro/page.B1D-nYk3.js"></script></head> <body class="astro-bguv2lll"> <a href="#_top" class="astro-7q3lir66">Skip to content</a> <div class="page sl-flex astro-vrdttmbt"> <header class="header astro-vrdttmbt"><div class="header astro-kmkmnagf"> <div class="title-wrapper sl-flex astro-kmkmnagf"> <a href="/" class="site-title sl-flex astro-m46x6ez3"> <img class="light:sl-hidden print:hidden astro-m46x6ez3" alt src="/_astro/logo-dark.DlBk_-6-.svg" width="146" height="37"> <img class="dark:sl-hidden print:block astro-m46x6ez3" alt src="/_astro/logo.DfR9nmxN.svg" width="146" height="37"> <span class="sr-only astro-m46x6ez3" translate="no"> ISPmail Guide </span> </a> </div> <div class="sl-flex print:hidden astro-kmkmnagf"> <site-search class="astro-kmkmnagf astro-v37mnknz" data-translations="{"placeholder":"Search"}"> <button data-open-modal disabled aria-label="Search" aria-keyshortcuts="Control+K" class="astro-v37mnknz"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-v37mnknz astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M21.71 20.29 18 16.61A9 9 0 1 0 16.61 18l3.68 3.68a.999.999 0 0 0 1.42 0 1 1 0 0 0 0-1.39ZM11 18a7 7 0 1 1 0-14 7 7 0 0 1 0 14Z"/></svg> <span class="sl-hidden md:sl-block astro-v37mnknz" aria-hidden="true">Search</span> <kbd class="sl-hidden md:sl-flex astro-v37mnknz" style="display: none;"> <kbd class="astro-v37mnknz">Ctrl</kbd><kbd class="astro-v37mnknz">K</kbd> </kbd> </button> <dialog style="padding:0" aria-label="Search" class="astro-v37mnknz"> <div class="dialog-frame sl-flex astro-v37mnknz"> <button data-close-modal class="sl-flex md:sl-hidden astro-v37mnknz"> Cancel </button> <div class="search-container astro-v37mnknz"> <div id="starlight__search" class="astro-v37mnknz"></div> </div> </div> </dialog> </site-search> <script>
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(() => {
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platformKey.textContent = '⌘';
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openBtn.setAttribute('aria-keyshortcuts', 'Meta+K');
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shortcut.style.display = '';
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})();
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</script> <ul class="top-level astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="0"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 13</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/upgrading/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Upgrading from Debian Bookworm</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-debian/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/virtual-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Virtual domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Database setup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/overview/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/tls-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/lmtp/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">LMTP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/webmail/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/relaying/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Sending / Relaying</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/anti-spoofing-dkim-spf/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM and SPF</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catch-all/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all addresses</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/going-live/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Going live</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/automated-installation/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Automated installation</span> </a> </li> </ul> </details> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="1"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 12</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/" aria-current="page" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/whats-new/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">What's new</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/migrating-from-a-bullseye-to-a-bookworm-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Migrating from your old (Bullseye) server</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/big-picture/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">The big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/types-of-email-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Types of email domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-debian-bookworm-on-your-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/creating-a-tls-encryption-key-and-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prepare-the-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Preparing the database</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/making-postfix-get-its-information-from-the-mariadb-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix access MariaDB</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catchall-aliases/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all aliases</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-up-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting up Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/let-postfix-send-emails-to-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix send emails to Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/webmail-using-roundcube/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-email-delivery/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing email delivery</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/relaying-outgoing-emails-through-postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Relaying outgoing emails through Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prevent-spoofing-using-dkim/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/monitoring-and-backup/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Monitoring and Backup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/automatic-installation-with-ansible/" aria-current="false" 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⚠️ This page is part of the ISPmail guide for Debian Bookworm. Please use the newer guide for <a href="/ispmail-trixie/" class="astro-kggsjsm4">Debian Trixie</a>.
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</section> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <h1 id="_top" class="astro-j6tvhyss">Start here</h1> </div> </div> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-markdown-content"> <p>Once upon a time there were many mail servers on the internet. If your organisation wanted to receive and send emails then you would have your system administrator set up a mail server. He would add a DNS record and create a cryptic Sendmail configuration file.</p>
|
||
<p>Fast forward a few decades and suddenly we have arrived in a monopolistic dystopy. The world of internet services is dominated by a few companies. Having worked in IT for 25 years I feel frustrated about the ignorance and laziness of decision makers. Cloud providers rip obscene profits and lock clueless customers in, while their IT staff is evolving into dumb victims instead of doing their actual job.</p>
|
||
<p>If you are like me then you want to stay as independent as possible. And that includes being in charge of your own email service. Maybe not for your employer but at least for yourself, your friends and family. Become your own internet service provider (ISP) for email. Hence the name: ISPmail.</p>
|
||
<p>This is a complete and free guide that teaches you how to set up and run your own mail server. At the end of the guide you will have your own fully featured mail server based on open-source software using a cheap virtual server for a few bucks per month. And you will have learned all about the various components, protocols and technologies. This guide has been battle-tested by thousands of other sysadmins and constantly evolved over the last 20 years. I am publishing this guide without any commercial motives, so all you would have to invest is your time.</p>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="what-your-mail-server-can-do">What your mail server can do</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#what-your-mail-server-can-do"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “What your mail server can do”</span></a></div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Receive</strong> emails on your domains.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Filter</strong> out spam. (We will not deal with detection of Wind*ws malware though.)</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Send</strong> emails out to any other servers/domains on the internet. Connections will be encrypted when possible.</li>
|
||
<li>Add automatic cryptographic signatures (<strong><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DomainKeys">DKIM / Domain Keys</a></strong>) to outgoing emails to prove that you are the owner of your domain.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Store</strong> as many emails for as many email addresses as you have disk space. Set limits (“quotas”) per user. The only limit is the size of your disk.</li>
|
||
<li>Let your users fetch email using <strong>IMAP</strong> or <strong>POP3</strong> and send email through your servers using <strong>SMTP</strong>.</li>
|
||
<li>Allow users to manage server-based <strong>filter rules</strong>. Distribute incoming emails to different folders. Forward copies. Or send out-of-office notifications.</li>
|
||
<li>Provide a <strong>webmail</strong> interface so users can access their emails securely from any location using a web browser.</li>
|
||
<li>Mitigate <strong>brute force</strong> attacks.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="what-you-will-need">What you will need</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#what-you-will-need"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “What you will need”</span></a></div>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Linux experience</strong>. Preferably a Debian-derivative. No godlike skills required. But know your basics: navigating through the file system, editing files, watching log files. Have some basic understanding of DNS. Bonus points if you have played with an SQL database and know about SELECT, INSERT, rows, columns.</li>
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<li><strong>Time</strong>. 2 hours to 2 days.</li>
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||
<li>A <strong>server</strong> that runs Debian Bookworm. 1 GB of RAM and a 20 GB disk/SSD is fine for your friends and family. Rent a cheap virtual server. Or use a decommissioned laptop. Other Linux distributions likely come with other versions of the software and have different configurations and paths on disk. It will work but you will need to deviate from this guide.</li>
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||
<li>The provider providing you with the server needs to allow <strong>SMTP send and receive</strong>. These providers are known to be troublesome:
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||
<ul>
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||
<li>Hetzner (DE, FI, US): Will allow SMTP after a month of paying for their service and per a request issued at <a href="https://console.hetzner.cloud/limits">https://console.hetzner.cloud/limits</a></li>
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<li>DigitalOcean (US): Blocks SMTP and tells you that running your own mail server is a bad idea. Avoid.</li>
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||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
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||
<li>Your server needs to have a public <strong>IP address</strong> that does not belong to a range of typical ISP customers. You usually can’t operate the mail server from a dialup IP address at home because those IP ranges are blacklisted by most other mail servers. Make sure that your IP address is not <a href="https://multirbl.valli.org/">blacklisted</a> before you start. If you rent a virtual server from your favorite hosting company you probably won’t have any problems.</li>
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||
<li>An <strong>internet domain</strong> (or several) to receive emails for. You need to be able to set A, MX and TXT records for that domain. You should also be able to set PTR records for your IP address because some mail servers on the internet require you to have matching forward and reverse DNS records.</li>
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||
<li><strong>Patience</strong>. We will proceed slowly and after every step ensure that are still on track. Don’t hurry and skip parts even if they appear confusing at first. If you get lost just submit your question at the bottom of any page throughout this guide and help is on the way. Or join the <a href="https://riot.im/app/#/room/#ispmail:matrix.org">chat channel</a>.</li>
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||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="what-this-is-not-about">What this is not about</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#what-this-is-not-about"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “What this is not about”</span></a></div>
|
||
<p>If you just want to have a working mail server and do not care how it works then this guide is not for you. Check out ready solutions like <a href="https://mailinabox.email/">mailinabox</a> or <a href="http://www.iredmail.org/">iRedMail</a>. Running a mail server requires technical understanding. And that’s what the ISPmail guide is for. Experience from giving support to other sysadmins shows that most problems appear because some detail in a complex setup goes wrong and they have no idea how to fix it. Email has evolved a lot over the past 40 years. Go with ready solutions if you like. But I have a feeling that we meet again. And you will probably not save time either taking the supposedly easy route.</p>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="ready">Ready?</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#ready"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Ready?”</span></a></div>
|
||
<p>The entire tutorial is split into several pages. You can find the different chapters on the left. The navigation within a chapter can be found on the right. Let’s go.</p> </div> <footer> <footer class="sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <div class="meta sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <p>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-09-24T00:00:00.000Z">Sep 24, 2023</time></p> </div> <div class="pagination-links print:hidden astro-u2l5gyhi" dir="ltr"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/automated-installation/" rel="prev" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17 11H9.41l3.3-3.29a1.004 1.004 0 1 0-1.42-1.42l-5 5a1 1 0 0 0-.21.33 1 1 0 0 0 0 .76 1 1 0 0 0 .21.33l5 5a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 1.639-.325 1 1 0 0 0-.219-1.095L9.41 13H17a1 1 0 0 0 0-2Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Previous <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">Automated installation</span> </span> </a> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/whats-new/" rel="next" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17.92 11.62a1.001 1.001 0 0 0-.21-.33l-5-5a1.003 1.003 0 1 0-1.42 1.42l3.3 3.29H7a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h7.59l-3.3 3.29a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 .325 1.639 1 1 0 0 0 1.095-.219l5-5a1 1 0 0 0 .21-.33 1 1 0 0 0 0-.76Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Next <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">What's new</span> </span> </a> </div> </footer> <script defer src="https://comentario.workaround.org/comentario.js"></script>
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