ispmail-workaround-org/dist/ispmail-bookworm/making-postfix-get-its-information-from-the-mariadb-database/index.html
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</script> <ul class="top-level astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="0"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 13</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/upgrading/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Upgrading from Debian Bookworm</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-debian/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/virtual-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Virtual domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Database setup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/overview/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/tls-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/lmtp/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">LMTP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/webmail/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/relaying/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Sending / Relaying</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/anti-spoofing-dkim-spf/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM and SPF</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catch-all/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all addresses</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/going-live/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Going live</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/automated-installation/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Automated installation</span> </a> </li> </ul> </details> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="1"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 12</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/whats-new/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">What&#39;s new</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/migrating-from-a-bullseye-to-a-bookworm-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Migrating from your old (Bullseye) server</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/big-picture/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">The big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/types-of-email-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Types of email domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-debian-bookworm-on-your-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/creating-a-tls-encryption-key-and-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prepare-the-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Preparing the database</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/making-postfix-get-its-information-from-the-mariadb-database/" aria-current="page" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix access MariaDB</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catchall-aliases/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all aliases</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-up-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting up Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/let-postfix-send-emails-to-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix send emails to Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/webmail-using-roundcube/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-email-delivery/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing email delivery</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/relaying-outgoing-emails-through-postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Relaying outgoing emails through Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prevent-spoofing-using-dkim/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/monitoring-and-backup/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Monitoring and Backup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/automatic-installation-with-ansible/" aria-current="false" 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⚠️ This page is part of the ISPmail guide for Debian Bookworm. Please use the newer guide for <a href="/ispmail-trixie/" class="astro-kggsjsm4">Debian Trixie</a>.
</section> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <h1 id="_top" class="astro-j6tvhyss">Let Postfix access MariaDB</h1> </div> </div> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-markdown-content"> <p>In the previous chapter you have created the SQL database schema and inserted some data to play with. Lets start with the entry point for all email on your system: Postfix. So we need to tell Postfix how to get the information from the database. First lets tell it how to find out if a certain domain is a valid email domain.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#virtual_mailbox_domains"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “virtual_mailbox_domains”</span></a></div>
<p>As described earlier a mapping in Postfix is just a table that contains a left-hand side (LHS) and a right-hand side (RHS). To make Postfix get information about virtual domains from the database we need to create a cf file (<em>configuration file</em>). Start by creating a file called <code dir="auto">/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf</code> for the virtual_mailbox_domains mapping. Make it contain:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/ec.v4551.css"><script type="module" src="/_astro/ec.0vx5m.js"></script><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">user = mailserver</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">password = x893dNj4stkHy1MKQq0USWBaX4ZZdq</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">hosts = 127.0.0.1</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">dbname = mailserver</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">query = SELECT 1 FROM virtual_domains WHERE name='%s'</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="user = mailserverpassword = x893dNj4stkHy1MKQq0USWBaX4ZZdqhosts = 127.0.0.1dbname = mailserverquery = SELECT 1 FROM virtual_domains WHERE name=&#x27;%s&#x27;"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Please enter your own password for the <em>mailserver</em> database user here. It is the first one you created before.</p>
<p>Imagine that Postfix receives an email for <code dir="auto">somebody@example.org</code> and wants to find out if example.org is a virtual mailbox domain. It will run the above SQL query and replace %s by example.org. If it finds such a row in the virtual_domains table it will return a 1. Actually it does not matter what exactly is returns as long as there is a result. Remember the puppies and kittens?</p>
<p>Now you need to make Postfix use this database mapping:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title"></span><span class="sr-only">Terminal window</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">postconf</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">virtual_mailbox_domains=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--1:#3B61B0"><span style="--0:#ECC48D">```</span><span style="--0:#82AAFF">sh</span></span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--1:#3B61B0"><span style="--0:#82AAFF">The</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D"> “postconf” command conveniently adds configuration lines to your `</span></span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">/etc/postfix/main.cf</span><span style="--1:#3B61B0"><span style="--0:#ECC48D">`</span><span style="--0:#82AAFF"> file.</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D"> It also activates the new setting instantly so you do not have to reload the Postfix process.</span></span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--1:#3B61B0"><span style="--0:#82AAFF">The</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D"> test data you created earlier added the domain “example.org” as one of your mailbox domains. Lets ask Postfix if it recognizes that domain:</span></span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">```</span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">sh</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">postmap</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-q</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">example.org</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--1:#3B61B0"><span style="--0:#ECC48D">```</span><span style="--0:#82AAFF">sh</span></span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--1:#3B61B0"><span style="--0:#82AAFF">&#x3C;Aside</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D"> type=</span></span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">"</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">tip</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">"</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> title=</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">"</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">Access denied?</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">"</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">></span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--1:#3B61B0"><span style="--0:#82AAFF">If</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D"> you get an error like “postmap: warning: connect to mysql server 127.0.0.1: Access denied for user mailserver@localhost</span></span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">” then please double check the password of the mailserver database user. It is either wrong in the CF file or you did not create the database user correctly using the GRANT query on the previous page.</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">&#x3C;/Aside></span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">You should get 1 as a result. That means your first mapping is working. Feel free to try that with other domains after the `-q` in that line. You should not get a response.</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">## virtual\_mailbox\_maps</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">You will now define the _virtual\_mailbox\_maps_. It will map a recipients email address (left-hand side) to the location of the users mailbox on your hard disk (right-hand side). Postfix has a built-in transport service called “virtual” that can receive the email and store it into the recipients email directory. That service is pretty limited, so we will delegate that to Dovecot as it allows us better control.</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">Postfix will forward all emails to Dovecot for further delivery. But we need to make sure that the recipient actually exists before we do that. So Postfix needs to check whether an email address belongs to a valid mailbox. That simplifies things a bit because we just need the left-hand side of the mapping.</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">Similar to the above virtual\_domains mapping you need an SQL query that searches for an email address and returns “1” if it is found.</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">To accomplish that please create another configuration file at `/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf`:</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="postconf virtual_mailbox_domains=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf&#x60;&#x60;&#x60;shThe “postconf” command conveniently adds configuration lines to your &#x60;/etc/postfix/main.cf&#x60; file. It also activates the new setting instantly so you do not have to reload the Postfix process.The test data you created earlier added the domain “example.org” as one of your mailbox domains. Lets ask Postfix if it recognizes that domain:&#x60;&#x60;&#x60;shpostmap -q example.org mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf&#x60;&#x60;&#x60;sh<Aside type=&#x22;tip&#x22; title=&#x22;Access denied?&#x22;>If you get an error like “postmap: warning: connect to mysql server 127.0.0.1: Access denied for user mailserver@localhost&#x27;” then please double check the password of the mailserver database user. It is either wrong in the CF file or you did not create the database user correctly using the GRANT query on the previous page.</Aside>You should get 1 as a result. That means your first mapping is working. Feel free to try that with other domains after the &#x60;-q&#x60; in that line. You should not get a response.## virtual\_mailbox\_mapsYou will now define the _virtual\_mailbox\_maps_. It will map a recipients email address (left-hand side) to the location of the users mailbox on your hard disk (right-hand side). Postfix has a built-in transport service called “virtual” that can receive the email and store it into the recipients email directory. That service is pretty limited, so we will delegate that to Dovecot as it allows us better control.Postfix will forward all emails to Dovecot for further delivery. But we need to make sure that the recipient actually exists before we do that. So Postfix needs to check whether an email address belongs to a valid mailbox. That simplifies things a bit because we just need the left-hand side of the mapping.Similar to the above virtual\_domains mapping you need an SQL query that searches for an email address and returns “1” if it is found.To accomplish that please create another configuration file at &#x60;/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf&#x60;:"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>user = mailserver
password = <strong>x893dNj4stkHy1MKQq0USWBaX4ZZdq</strong>
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = mailserver
query = SELECT 1 FROM virtual_users WHERE email=%s</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">Again please use your actual password for the mailserver database user.</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">Tell Postfix that this mapping file is supposed to be used for the virtual\_mailbox\_maps mapping:</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">```sh</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">postconf virtual_mailbox_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="Again please use your actual password for the mailserver database user.Tell Postfix that this mapping file is supposed to be used for the virtual\_mailbox\_maps mapping:&#x60;&#x60;&#x60;shpostconf virtual_mailbox_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Test if Postfix is happy with this mapping by asking it where the mailbox directory of our <code dir="auto">john@example.org</code> user would be:</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#virtual_alias_maps"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “virtual_alias_maps”</span></a></div>
<p>The virtual_alias_maps mapping is used for forwarding emails from one email address to one or more others. In the database multiple targets are achieved by using multiple rows.</p>
<p>Create another “.cf” file at <code dir="auto">/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf</code>:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">user = mailserver</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">password = **x893dNj4stkHy1MKQq0USWBaX4ZZdq**</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">hosts = 127.0.0.1</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">dbname = mailserver</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">query = SELECT destination FROM virtual\_aliases WHERE source='%s'</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="user = mailserverpassword = **x893dNj4stkHy1MKQq0USWBaX4ZZdq**hosts = 127.0.0.1dbname = mailserverquery = SELECT destination FROM virtual\_aliases WHERE source=&#x27;%s&#x27;"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Make Postfix use this database mapping:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">postconf virtual_alias_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="postconf virtual_alias_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Test if the mapping file works as expected:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">postmap -q jack@example.org mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="postmap -q jack@example.org mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>You should see the expected destination:</p>
<p><code dir="auto">john@example.org</code></p> </div> <footer> <footer class="sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <div class="meta sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <p>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-04T00:00:00.000Z">Oct 4, 2023</time></p> </div> <div class="pagination-links print:hidden astro-u2l5gyhi" dir="ltr"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prepare-the-database/" rel="prev" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17 11H9.41l3.3-3.29a1.004 1.004 0 1 0-1.42-1.42l-5 5a1 1 0 0 0-.21.33 1 1 0 0 0 0 .76 1 1 0 0 0 .21.33l5 5a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 1.639-.325 1 1 0 0 0-.219-1.095L9.41 13H17a1 1 0 0 0 0-2Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Previous <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">Preparing the database</span> </span> </a> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catchall-aliases/" rel="next" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17.92 11.62a1.001 1.001 0 0 0-.21-.33l-5-5a1.003 1.003 0 1 0-1.42 1.42l3.3 3.29H7a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h7.59l-3.3 3.29a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 .325 1.639 1 1 0 0 0 1.095-.219l5-5a1 1 0 0 0 .21-.33 1 1 0 0 0 0-.76Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Next <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">Catch-all aliases</span> </span> </a> </div> </footer> <script defer src="https://comentario.workaround.org/comentario.js"></script>
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