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139 lines
No EOL
77 KiB
HTML
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</script> <ul class="top-level astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="0"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 13</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/upgrading/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Upgrading from Debian Bookworm</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-debian/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/virtual-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Virtual domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Database setup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/overview/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/tls-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/lmtp/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">LMTP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/webmail/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/relaying/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Sending / Relaying</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/anti-spoofing-dkim-spf/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM and SPF</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catch-all/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all addresses</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/going-live/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Going live</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/automated-installation/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Automated installation</span> </a> </li> </ul> </details> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="1"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 12</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/whats-new/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">What's new</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/migrating-from-a-bullseye-to-a-bookworm-server/" aria-current="page" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Migrating from your old (Bullseye) server</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/big-picture/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">The big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/types-of-email-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Types of email domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-debian-bookworm-on-your-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/creating-a-tls-encryption-key-and-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prepare-the-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Preparing the database</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/making-postfix-get-its-information-from-the-mariadb-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix access MariaDB</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catchall-aliases/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all aliases</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-up-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting up Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/let-postfix-send-emails-to-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix send emails to Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/webmail-using-roundcube/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-email-delivery/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing email delivery</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/relaying-outgoing-emails-through-postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Relaying outgoing emails through Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prevent-spoofing-using-dkim/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/monitoring-and-backup/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Monitoring and Backup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/automatic-installation-with-ansible/" aria-current="false" 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⚠️ This page is part of the ISPmail guide for Debian Bookworm. Please use the newer guide for <a href="/ispmail-trixie/" class="astro-kggsjsm4">Debian Trixie</a>.
|
||
</section> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <h1 id="_top" class="astro-j6tvhyss">Migrating from your old (Bullseye) server</h1> </div> </div> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-markdown-content"> <div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="upgrade-or-fresh-installation">Upgrade or fresh installation?</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#upgrade-or-fresh-installation"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Upgrade or fresh installation?”</span></a></div>
|
||
<p>I recommend that you set up a new server and make sure that the new mail server is working correctly before you start migrating existing email users to it. You may argue that Debian can be upgraded easily using “apt-get dist-upgrade” but that is very dangerous on a live mail server. Automatic configuration changes may have evil side effects and you risk losing emails. At least you are causing a downtime for your users.</p>
|
||
<p>If you follow my advice then get a new server and install Debian Bookworm on it. Once the user mailboxes are migrated and all works well you can tear down the old server.</p>
|
||
<p>Once your new server is installed come back here.</p>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="read-before-you-type">Read before you type</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#read-before-you-type"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Read before you type”</span></a></div>
|
||
<p>Follow this guide to the end. Only then start attempting a migration. Inform your users about the migration and set a time when you intend to move email accounts to the new server. The change will require a DNS change which takes a while to be visible worldwide so your users will have a period when incoming email is delayed. If you proceed careful though not a single email will be lost.</p>
|
||
<p>So you have your new server up and running and did everything to make it a working mail server? You really read all the pages in this guide and did what they told you? Okay, then let’s start.</p>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="turn-down-the-ttl-of-your-mx-record">Turn down the TTL of your MX record</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#turn-down-the-ttl-of-your-mx-record"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Turn down the TTL of your MX record”</span></a></div>
|
||
<p>The DNS “MX” record for your domain contains the hostname of your mail server. When switching to the new server you need to change the MX record. Every DNS record has a TTL (time-to-live) that defines the period of time that a record will stay valid even after you change it. Usually that TTL is rather high like 86400 seconds (=1 day). This information is used by caching name servers that they can use the cached values for a day. Turn that TTL down temporarily to 60 seconds so that the rest of the internet will pick up your change quicker. However it will take a day until everyone else on the internet picks up your TTL change.</p>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="migrate-the-mailserver-database">Migrate the mailserver database</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#migrate-the-mailserver-database"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Migrate the mailserver database”</span></a></div>
|
||
<p>You need to copy the database that contains the control data about your email domains and accounts. Log into the old (Bullseye) server as root and back up the <em>mailserver</em> database. That is as easy as running…</p>
|
||
<div class="expressive-code"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/ec.v4551.css"><script type="module" src="/_astro/ec.0vx5m.js"></script><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">mysqldump mailserver > mailserver.sql</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="mysqldump mailserver > mailserver.sql"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
|
||
<p>Copy that file to the new server (using <em>scp</em>) and import it there:</p>
|
||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">mysql mailserver < mailserver.sql</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="mysql mailserver < mailserver.sql"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
|
||
<p>Obviously any database changes on the old server from now on will have to be done on the new server as well until the migration is done.</p>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="roundcube-contacts">Roundcube contacts</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#roundcube-contacts"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Roundcube contacts”</span></a></div>
|
||
<p>If your users are using Roundcube as a webmail interface then you should migrate their data like their contact lists. Dump the SQL from the old server:</p>
|
||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">mysqldump roundcube > roundcube.sql</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="mysqldump roundcube > roundcube.sql"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
|
||
<p>Copy that file to the new server and import it:</p>
|
||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">mysql roundcube < roundcube.sql</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="mysql roundcube < roundcube.sql"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
|
||
<p>One caveat though. To distinguish multiple mail servers Roundcube stores the server’s name in the mail_host column of the users table. So as a last step change that column if your new mail server has a new FQDN/hostname by running this SQL query on the new roundcube database:</p>
|
||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="sql"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">UPDATE</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> users </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">SET</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> mail_host</span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">=</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">new.mail.server</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">;</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="UPDATE users SET mail_host='new.mail.server';"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="migrate-rspamd-spam-training-data">Migrate rspamd spam training data</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#migrate-rspamd-spam-training-data"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Migrate rspamd spam training data”</span></a></div>
|
||
<p>If you have been using rspamd with the Redis backend then copy over the Redis database from your previous server. Details are found in the rspamd chapter.</p>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="migrate-the-maildirs-hot">Migrate the Maildirs hot</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#migrate-the-maildirs-hot"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Migrate the Maildirs hot”</span></a></div>
|
||
<p>Fortunately Dovecot uses the maildir format that stores emails as plain files on disk. Login to the new (Bookworm) server and use <em>rsync</em> to copy over the mails from the old (Bullseye) mail server:</p>
|
||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">rsync -va oldserver:/var/vmail/ /var/vmail/</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="rsync -va oldserver:/var/vmail/ /var/vmail/"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
|
||
<p>(Note the trailing slashes. Type them exactly as shown above or your files will end up in wrong places.)</p>
|
||
<p>There is no need to shut down Dovecot on your production Bullseye server. Copying the files while Dovecot is running will not break anything. This is called a “hot copy”. It may not be consistent but it will save time during the final synchronization.</p>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="copy-certificates">Copy certificates</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#copy-certificates"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Copy certificates”</span></a></div>
|
||
<p>Copy over everything in /etc/letsencrypt and /var/lib/rspamd/dkim from your old to the new server.</p>
|
||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">rsync -va oldserver:/etc/letsencrypt/ /etc/letsencrypt/</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">rsync -va oldserver:/var/lib/rspamd/dkim/ /var/lib/rspamd/dkim/</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="rsync -va oldserver:/etc/letsencrypt/ /etc/letsencrypt/rsync -va oldserver:/var/lib/rspamd/dkim/ /var/lib/rspamd/dkim/"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="downtime">Downtime</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#downtime"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Downtime”</span></a></div>
|
||
<p>You told your users about the downtime, right? The time has come? Okay. Shut down Dovecot on both servers.</p>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="migrate-the-emails-cold">Migrate the emails cold</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#migrate-the-emails-cold"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Migrate the emails cold”</span></a></div>
|
||
<p>Let’s synchronize again. <em>rsync</em> will only copy those files that have changed which makes it much faster than the first sync. On your new server run:</p>
|
||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">rsync -va --delete oldserver:/var/vmail/ /var/vmail/</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="rsync -va --delete oldserver:/var/vmail/ /var/vmail/"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
|
||
<p>(The “<code dir="auto">--delete</code>” option makes sure that files that have been removed from the old server will also be deleted from the new server. So if a user has deleted an email it will be deleted on the new server as well.)</p>
|
||
<p>The new Dovecot version uses a slightly different indexing mechanism. So force rebuilding the users’ indices:</p>
|
||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">doveadm force-resync -A '*'</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="doveadm force-resync -A '*'"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
|
||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="switch-the-dns-records">Switch the DNS records</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#switch-the-dns-records"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Switch the DNS records”</span></a></div>
|
||
<p>For all your domains you will have to change the DNS “MX” or “A” record to point to your new server.</p>
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<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="enable-soft_bounce">Enable soft_bounce</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#enable-soft_bounce"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Enable soft_bounce”</span></a></div>
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<p>Accidents happen. And you don’t want to lose emails. So run this command to enable your safety net on the new server:</p>
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<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">postconf soft_bounce=yes</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="postconf soft_bounce=yes"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
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<p>This makes Postfix always keep emails in the queue that it would otherwise reject. So you can fix any errors and the queue will empty. Start Postfix and Dovecot on the new server. Watch your /var/log/mail.log and run “mailq” from time to time to see what emails get stuck in the queue. If you are certain that emails can be removed from the queue then use “postsuper -d QUEUE-ID” (as shown in the “mailq” output).</p>
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<p>Once you are certain that emails are properly received and sent you can switch off the <em>soft_bounce</em> mode again:</p>
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<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">postconf soft_bounce=no</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="postconf soft_bounce=no"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
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<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="shut-down-the-old-server">Shut down the old server</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#shut-down-the-old-server"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Shut down the old server”</span></a></div>
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<p>If possible do a final backup of the old server. If users are not complaining then dismiss the old system after a week.</p> </div> <footer> <footer class="sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <div class="meta sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <p>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-09-24T00:00:00.000Z">Sep 24, 2023</time></p> </div> <div class="pagination-links print:hidden astro-u2l5gyhi" dir="ltr"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/whats-new/" rel="prev" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17 11H9.41l3.3-3.29a1.004 1.004 0 1 0-1.42-1.42l-5 5a1 1 0 0 0-.21.33 1 1 0 0 0 0 .76 1 1 0 0 0 .21.33l5 5a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 1.639-.325 1 1 0 0 0-.219-1.095L9.41 13H17a1 1 0 0 0 0-2Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Previous <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">What's new</span> </span> </a> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/big-picture/" rel="next" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17.92 11.62a1.001 1.001 0 0 0-.21-.33l-5-5a1.003 1.003 0 1 0-1.42 1.42l3.3 3.29H7a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h7.59l-3.3 3.29a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 .325 1.639 1 1 0 0 0 1.095-.219l5-5a1 1 0 0 0 .21-.33 1 1 0 0 0 0-.76Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Next <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">The big picture</span> </span> </a> </div> </footer> <script defer src="https://comentario.workaround.org/comentario.js"></script>
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