ispmail-workaround-org/dist/ispmail-trixie/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/index.html
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</script> <ul class="top-level astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="0"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 13</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/upgrading/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Upgrading from Debian Bookworm</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-debian/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/virtual-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Virtual domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Database setup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/overview/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/tls-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/lmtp/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">LMTP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/webmail/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/relaying/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Sending / Relaying</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="page" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/anti-spoofing-dkim-spf/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM and SPF</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catch-all/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all addresses</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/going-live/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Going live</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/automated-installation/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Automated installation</span> </a> </li> </ul> </details> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="1"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 12</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/whats-new/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">What&#39;s new</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/migrating-from-a-bullseye-to-a-bookworm-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Migrating from your old (Bullseye) server</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/big-picture/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">The big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/types-of-email-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Types of email domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-debian-bookworm-on-your-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/creating-a-tls-encryption-key-and-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prepare-the-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Preparing the database</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/making-postfix-get-its-information-from-the-mariadb-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix access MariaDB</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catchall-aliases/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all aliases</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-up-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting up Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/let-postfix-send-emails-to-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix send emails to Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/webmail-using-roundcube/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-email-delivery/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing email delivery</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/relaying-outgoing-emails-through-postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Relaying outgoing emails through Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prevent-spoofing-using-dkim/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/monitoring-and-backup/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Monitoring and Backup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/automatic-installation-with-ansible/" aria-current="false" 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style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#delete-a-mail-forwarding" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">Delete a mail forwarding</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#web-interfaces" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Web interfaces</span> </a> <ul class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#ispmail-admin" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">ISPmail Admin</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#ispmail-userctl" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">ispmail-userctl</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#adminer" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">Adminer</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav></starlight-toc><script type="module" src="/_astro/TableOfContents.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.CKWWgpjV.js"></script></div></div> </div> </aside> <div class="main-pane astro-67yu43on"> <main data-pagefind-body class="astro-bguv2lll" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <h1 id="_top" class="astro-j6tvhyss">Managing users, aliases and domains</h1> </div> </div> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-markdown-content"> <p>Maybe you already know what you have to do to create mail domains and mail users. After all I tried to explain the
database schema in the section that dealt with preparing the database. But if that wasnt clear enough let me explain
what you need to do to manage your mail accounts.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="using-sql-queries">Using SQL queries</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#using-sql-queries"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Using SQL queries”</span></a></div>
<p>The following sections explain the changes and SQL queries you can use for common management tasks:</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="create-a-new-mail-domain">Create a new mail domain</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#create-a-new-mail-domain"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Create a new mail domain”</span></a></div>
<p>Insert a new row into the virtual_domains table and set the <code dir="auto">name</code> to the name of the new domain. (Do not forget to set
up SPF and DKIM.)</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/ec.v4551.css"><script type="module" src="/_astro/ec.0vx5m.js"></script><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="sql"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">INSERT INTO</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> virtual_domains (</span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">name</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">) </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">VALUES</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> (</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">"</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">example.org</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">"</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">);</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="INSERT INTO virtual_domains (name) VALUES (&#x22;example.org&#x22;);"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="delete-a-mail-domain">Delete a mail domain</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#delete-a-mail-domain"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Delete a mail domain”</span></a></div>
<p>Delete the row from the virtual_domains table that has the right <code dir="auto">name</code>. All aliases and users will automatically be
deleted, too. However the mailboxes will stay on disk at /var/vmail/… and you need to delete them manually.</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="sql"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">DELETE</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">FROM</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> virtual_domains </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">where</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">name=</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">example.org</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">;</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="DELETE FROM virtual_domains where name=&#x27;example.org&#x27;;"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="create-a-mail-user">Create a mail user</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#create-a-mail-user"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Create a mail user”</span></a></div>
<p>Find out the <code dir="auto">id</code> of the right domain from the virtual_domains table. The insert a new row into the virtual_users table.
Set the domain_id to the value you just looked up in the virtual_domains table. Set the <code dir="auto">email</code> field to the complete
email address of the new user. Create a new password in a shell using the <code dir="auto">dovecot pw</code> command and insert the result
into the <code dir="auto">password</code> field.</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="sql"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">INSERT INTO</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> virtual_users</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">(domain_id, email, </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">password</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">VALUES</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">((</span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">SELECT</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> id </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">FROM</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> virtual_domains </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">WHERE</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">name=</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">example.org</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">), </span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">john@example.org</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">,</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">{CRYPT}$2y$05$.We…</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">);</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="INSERT INTO virtual_users (domain_id, email, password)VALUES ((SELECT id FROM virtual_domains WHERE name=&#x27;example.org&#x27;), &#x27;john@example.org&#x27;,&#x27;{CRYPT}$2y$05$.We…&#x27;);"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="change-the-password-of-a-user">Change the password of a user</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#change-the-password-of-a-user"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Change the password of a user”</span></a></div>
<p>Find the row in the virtual_users table by looking for the right <code dir="auto">email</code> field. Create a new password in a shell using
the <code dir="auto">dovecot pw</code> command and insert the result into the <code dir="auto">password</code> field.</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="sql"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">UPDATE</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> virtual_users </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">SET</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">password=</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">{CRYPT}$2y$05$.We…</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">WHERE</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> email</span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">=</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">email@address</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">;</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="UPDATE virtual_users SET password=&#x27;{CRYPT}$2y$05$.We…&#x27; WHERE email=&#x27;email@address&#x27;;"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="delete-a-mail-user">Delete a mail user</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#delete-a-mail-user"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Delete a mail user”</span></a></div>
<p>Find the row in the virtual_users table by looking for the right <code dir="auto">email</code> field and delete it. The mailbox will stay on
disk at /var/vmail/… and you need to delete it manually</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="sql"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">DELETE</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">FROM</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> virtual_users </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">WHERE</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> email</span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">=</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">john@example.org</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">;</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="DELETE FROM virtual_users WHERE email=&#x27;john@example.org&#x27;;"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="create-a-mail-forwarding">Create a mail forwarding</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#create-a-mail-forwarding"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Create a mail forwarding”</span></a></div>
<p>You can forward emails from one (source) email to other addresses (destinations) even outside of your mail
server. Find out the <code dir="auto">id</code> of the right domain (the part after the <code dir="auto">@</code> of the source email address) from the
virtual_domains table. Create a new row in the virtual_aliases table for each destination (if you have multiple
destination addresses). Set the <code dir="auto">source</code> field to the complete source email address. And set the <code dir="auto">destination</code> field to
the respective complete destination email address.</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="sql"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">INSERT INTO</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> virtual_aliases</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">(domain_id, source, destination)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">VALUES</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">(</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">(</span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">SELECT</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> id </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">FROM</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> virtual_domains </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">WHERE</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">name=</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">example.org</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">),</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">melissa@example.org</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">,</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"> </span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">juila@example.net</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">);</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="INSERT INTO virtual_aliases (domain_id, source, destination)VALUES ( (SELECT id FROM virtual_domains WHERE name=&#x27;example.org&#x27;), &#x27;melissa@example.org&#x27;, &#x27;juila@example.net&#x27; );"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="delete-a-mail-forwarding">Delete a mail forwarding</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#delete-a-mail-forwarding"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Delete a mail forwarding”</span></a></div>
<p>Find all rows in the virtual_aliases table by looking for the right <code dir="auto">source</code> email address. Remove all rows that you
lead to <code dir="auto">destination</code> addresses you dont want to forward email to.</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="sql"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">DELETE</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">FROM</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> virtual_aliases </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">WHERE</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> source</span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">=</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">melissa@example.org</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">;</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="DELETE FROM virtual_aliases WHERE source=&#x27;melissa@example.org&#x27;;"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="web-interfaces">Web interfaces</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#web-interfaces"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Web interfaces”</span></a></div>
<p>If you dont like using SQL queries to manage your mail server you may like to install a web-based management software.
Several developers contributed web interfaces for earlier versions of this guide and they will probably still work
because the database schema has not changed. Your experience with these projects, or links to further projects, is very
welcome in the comments.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="ispmail-admin">ISPmail Admin</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#ispmail-admin"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “ISPmail Admin”</span></a></div>
<p>Homepage: <a href="http://ima.jungclaussen.com/">http://ima.jungclaussen.com/</a><br>
Demo: <a href="http://ima.jungclaussen.com/demo/">http://ima.jungclaussen.com/demo/</a></p>
<p><img src="/_astro/managing-ima.CUdNEzFs_Z1q25WK.webp" alt="ISPmail Admin screenshot" loading="lazy" decoding="async" fetchpriority="auto" width="747" height="604"></p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="ispmail-userctl">ispmail-userctl</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#ispmail-userctl"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “ispmail-userctl”</span></a></div>
<p>Christian G. has created a text-based program to help you manage your mail accounts. You may like it if you just want a
little help adding accounts and setting passwords but not provide a full blown web interface.</p>
<p>You can find his <a href="https://github.com/cgzones/ispmail-userctl">Python script at Github</a>.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="adminer">Adminer</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#adminer"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Adminer”</span></a></div>
<p>You can also use a basic tool like <a href="https://www.adminer.org/">Adminer</a> to manage the tables if you dont want to type
out SQL. To set it up:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">apt</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">install</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-y</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">adminer</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">a2enconf</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">adminer</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">systemctl</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">reload</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">apache2</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="apt install -y adminera2enconf adminersystemctl reload apache2"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Now Adminer is available as <code dir="auto">https://mailserver.example.org/adminer</code> and allows you to login:</p>
<p><img src="/_astro/adminer-login.C4T6LB13_11qlyK.webp" alt="Adminer login screen" loading="lazy" decoding="async" fetchpriority="auto" width="309" height="299"></p>
<p>After login this is how the interface looks like:</p>
<p><img src="/_astro/adminer-main.CZ4pvrKT_Z29utJV.webp" alt="Adminer main screen" loading="lazy" decoding="async" fetchpriority="auto" width="1074" height="420"></p> </div> <footer> <footer class="sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <div class="meta sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <p>Last updated: <time datetime="2025-11-01T00:00:00.000Z">Nov 1, 2025</time></p> </div> <div class="pagination-links print:hidden astro-u2l5gyhi" dir="ltr"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/imap/" rel="prev" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17 11H9.41l3.3-3.29a1.004 1.004 0 1 0-1.42-1.42l-5 5a1 1 0 0 0-.21.33 1 1 0 0 0 0 .76 1 1 0 0 0 .21.33l5 5a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 1.639-.325 1 1 0 0 0-.219-1.095L9.41 13H17a1 1 0 0 0 0-2Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Previous <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">IMAP</span> </span> </a> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" rel="next" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17.92 11.62a1.001 1.001 0 0 0-.21-.33l-5-5a1.003 1.003 0 1 0-1.42 1.42l3.3 3.29H7a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h7.59l-3.3 3.29a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 .325 1.639 1 1 0 0 0 1.095-.219l5-5a1 1 0 0 0 .21-.33 1 1 0 0 0 0-.76Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Next <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </span> </a> </div> </footer> <script defer src="https://comentario.workaround.org/comentario.js"></script>
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