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</script> <ul class="top-level astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="0"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 13</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/upgrading/" aria-current="page" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Upgrading from Debian Bookworm</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-debian/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/virtual-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Virtual domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Database setup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/overview/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/tls-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/lmtp/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">LMTP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/webmail/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/relaying/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Sending / Relaying</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/anti-spoofing-dkim-spf/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM and SPF</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catch-all/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all addresses</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/going-live/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Going live</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/automated-installation/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Automated installation</span> </a> </li> </ul> </details> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="1"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 12</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/whats-new/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">What&#39;s new</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/migrating-from-a-bullseye-to-a-bookworm-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Migrating from your old (Bullseye) server</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/big-picture/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">The big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/types-of-email-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Types of email domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-debian-bookworm-on-your-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/creating-a-tls-encryption-key-and-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prepare-the-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Preparing the database</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/making-postfix-get-its-information-from-the-mariadb-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix access MariaDB</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catchall-aliases/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all aliases</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-up-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting up Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/let-postfix-send-emails-to-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix send emails to Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/webmail-using-roundcube/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-email-delivery/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing email delivery</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/relaying-outgoing-emails-through-postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Relaying outgoing emails through Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prevent-spoofing-using-dkim/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/monitoring-and-backup/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Monitoring and Backup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/automatic-installation-with-ansible/" aria-current="false" 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class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Preparing the DNS/IP switch</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#migrate-the-mailserver-database" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Migrate the mailserver database</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#weak-password-schemes" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Weak password schemes</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#roundcube-contacts" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Roundcube contacts</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#migrate-rspamd-spam-training-data" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Migrate rspamd spam training data</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#migrate-the-maildirs-hot" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Migrate the Maildirs hot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#copy-certificates" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Copy certificates</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#downtime" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Downtime</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#migrate-the-emails-cold" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Migrate the emails cold</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#switch-the-dns-records" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Switch the DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#enable-soft_bounce" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Enable soft_bounce</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#shut-down-the-old-server" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Shut down the old server</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#further-issues" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Further issues</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav></starlight-toc><script type="module" src="/_astro/TableOfContents.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.CKWWgpjV.js"></script></div></div> </div> </aside> <div class="main-pane astro-67yu43on"> <main data-pagefind-body class="astro-bguv2lll" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <h1 id="_top" class="astro-j6tvhyss">Upgrading from Debian Bookworm</h1> </div> </div> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-markdown-content"> <aside aria-label="Tip" class="starlight-aside starlight-aside--tip"> <p class="starlight-aside__title" aria-hidden="true"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="starlight-aside__icon astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.44 8.855v-.001l3.527-3.516c.34-.344.802-.541 1.285-.548h6.649l.947-.947c3.07-3.07 6.207-3.072 7.62-2.868a1.821 1.821 0 0 1 1.557 1.557c.204 1.413.203 4.55-2.868 7.62l-.946.946v6.649a1.845 1.845 0 0 1-.549 1.286l-3.516 3.528a1.844 1.844 0 0 1-3.11-.944l-.858-4.275-4.52-4.52-2.31-.463-1.964-.394A1.847 1.847 0 0 1 .98 10.693a1.843 1.843 0 0 1 .46-1.838Zm5.379 2.017-3.873-.776L6.32 6.733h4.638l-4.14 4.14Zm8.403-5.655c2.459-2.46 4.856-2.463 5.89-2.33.134 1.035.13 3.432-2.329 5.891l-6.71 6.71-3.561-3.56 6.71-6.711Zm-1.318 15.837-.776-3.873 4.14-4.14v4.639l-3.364 3.374Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path d="M9.318 18.345a.972.972 0 0 0-1.86-.561c-.482 1.435-1.687 2.204-2.934 2.619a8.22 8.22 0 0 1-1.23.302c.062-.365.157-.79.303-1.229.415-1.247 1.184-2.452 2.62-2.935a.971.971 0 1 0-.62-1.842c-.12.04-.236.084-.35.13-2.02.828-3.012 2.588-3.493 4.033a10.383 10.383 0 0 0-.51 2.845l-.001.016v.063c0 .536.434.972.97.972H2.24a7.21 7.21 0 0 0 .878-.065c.527-.063 1.248-.19 2.02-.447 1.445-.48 3.205-1.472 4.033-3.494a5.828 5.828 0 0 0 .147-.407Z"/></svg>Tip </p> <div class="starlight-aside__content"> <p>This page is only relevant if you already built a mail server using the previous ISPmail guide for Debian Bookworm. If
you are starting from scratch, just skip to the next page.</p> </div> </aside>
<p>Did you follow the ISPmail guide for Debian Bookworm to install your mail server? Then lets take it to Debian Trixie.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="architectural-changes">Architectural changes</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#architectural-changes"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Architectural changes”</span></a></div>
<p>I always try to keep things similar to previous versions of this guide. Most of us are happy with their mail servers and
want to change as little as possible when a new Debian release comes along. Just a few changes that come with the newer
software versions:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>rsyslogd</strong> was a classic choice to write log files like /var/log/mail.log. As Debian is using <em>systemd</em> we no longer
need rsyslogd and logrotate. The logs can be read using <em>journalctl</em> instead. If you miss log files, just
<code dir="auto">apt install rsyslog</code>.</li>
<li><strong>smtpd_tls_security_level</strong> is now only enabled for the <code dir="auto">submission</code> service. That disables authentication for SMTP
connections on port 25. This emphasizes the separation of TCP 25 for server-to-server connections (without
authentication) and TCP 587 for human-to-server connections (with authentication for relaying).</li>
<li><strong>certbot</strong> is now using the <code dir="auto">python3-certbot-apache</code> package. Getting and renewing certificates is now handled
magically by Apache without any downtime or additional configuration.</li>
</ul>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="version-changes">Version changes</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#version-changes"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Version changes”</span></a></div>
<p>A new Debian stable release comes with newer software versions. So I checked the changelogs to determine what we will
have to change:</p>
<ul>
<li>Postfix 3.7.6 -> 3.10.3. No breaking changes.</li>
<li>Dovecot 2.3.19 -> 2.4.1. Various deprecations of the configuration. This guide uses the new syntax.</li>
<li>PHP 8.2 -> 8.4. Roundcube has no issues with the newer PHP version.</li>
<li>rspamd 3.4.1 -> 3.12.1. No breaking changes.</li>
<li>Roundcube 1.6.1 -> 1.6.11. No breaking changes.</li>
</ul>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="fresh-installation">Fresh installation</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#fresh-installation"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Fresh installation”</span></a></div>
<p>Do not try to upgrade your existing server using <code dir="auto">apt-get dist-upgrade</code>. There are too many changes especially with
Dovecot. Start with a fresh installation on another server and then migrate.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="preparing-the-dnsip-switch">Preparing the DNS/IP switch</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#preparing-the-dnsip-switch"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Preparing the DNS/IP switch”</span></a></div>
<p>At some point during the migration, you need switch your DNS record to point to the new server. There are a couple of
options:</p>
<ol>
<li>Lower the TTL of your MX record. The TTL (time-to-live) defines how long your record can be cached. If you lower that
value to 60 seconds, you can change the MX record and other servers will pick it up quickly.</li>
<li>If your data center allows it, move your IP address over. Some offer <em>reserved addresses</em> that you can assign to a
server. That way there will be no delay in the switch-over. And other servers on the internet will recognize your
server as a mail server already, because some companies attach a <em>reputation</em> to an IP address.</li>
<li>Add a second MX record pointing to your new server. Assign the same priority. That way you can safely switch off your
old server and later remove its MX record.</li>
</ol>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="migrate-the-mailserver-database">Migrate the mailserver database</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#migrate-the-mailserver-database"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Migrate the mailserver database”</span></a></div>
<p>You need to copy the database that contains the control data about your email domains and accounts. Log into the old
(Bookworm) server as root and back up the <em>mailserver</em> database. That is as easy as running…</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/ec.v4551.css"><script type="module" src="/_astro/ec.0vx5m.js"></script><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">mariadb-dump mailserver > mailserver.sql</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="mariadb-dump mailserver > mailserver.sql"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Copy that file to the new server (using <em>scp</em>) and import it there:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">mariadb mailserver &#x3C; mailserver.sql</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="mariadb mailserver < mailserver.sql"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Obviously any database changes on the old server from now on will have to be done on the new server as well until the
migration is done.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="weak-password-schemes">Weak password schemes</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#weak-password-schemes"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Weak password schemes”</span></a></div>
<p>Please check if any of your users have hashed passwords that are considered
<a href="https://doc.dovecot.org/2.4.2/core/config/auth/schemes.html">weak</a> by Dovecot. Those passwords using a <code dir="auto">PLAIN-MD5</code>
scheme are not accepted by Dovecot by default. But you can enable them again using:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title"></span><span class="sr-only">Terminal window</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">cat</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">99-ispmail-weak-schemes.conf</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">&#x3C;&#x3C;</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">auth_allow_weak_schemes = yes</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="cat > 99-ispmail-weak-schemes.conf << EOFauth_allow_weak_schemes = yesEOF"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Your users should change their passwords using Roundcube. That way a new hash with a more secure schema is created.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="roundcube-contacts">Roundcube contacts</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#roundcube-contacts"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Roundcube contacts”</span></a></div>
<p>If your users are using Roundcube as a webmail interface then you should migrate their data like their contact lists.
Dump the SQL from the old server:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title"></span><span class="sr-only">Terminal window</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">mariadb-dump</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">roundcube</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">roundcube.sql</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="mariadb-dump roundcube > roundcube.sql"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Copy that file to the new server and import it:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title"></span><span class="sr-only">Terminal window</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">mariadb</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">roundcube</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">&#x3C;</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">roundcube.sql</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="mariadb roundcube < roundcube.sql"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>One caveat though. To distinguish multiple mail servers Roundcube stores the servers name in the mail_host column of
the users table. So as a last step change that column if your new mail server has a new FQDN/hostname by running this
SQL query on the new roundcube database:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="sql"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">UPDATE</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> users </span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">SET</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> mail_host</span><span style="--0:#C792EA;--1:#8844AE">=</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">new.mail.server</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53">;</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="UPDATE users SET mail_host=&#x27;new.mail.server&#x27;;"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="migrate-rspamd-spam-training-data">Migrate rspamd spam training data</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#migrate-rspamd-spam-training-data"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Migrate rspamd spam training data”</span></a></div>
<p>If you have been using rspamd with the Redis backend then copy over the Redis database from your previous server.</p>
<p>Stop rspamd on both the old and the new server. Then:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title"></span><span class="sr-only">Terminal window</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">rsync</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-va</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">oldserver:/var/lib/redis/</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/var/lib/redis/</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="rsync -va oldserver:/var/lib/redis/ /var/lib/redis/"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Once the redis database is started again on the new server, <code dir="auto">rspamc stat</code> should show you that the training data is
found.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="migrate-the-maildirs-hot">Migrate the Maildirs hot</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#migrate-the-maildirs-hot"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Migrate the Maildirs hot”</span></a></div>
<p>(<strong>Hot</strong> means: copy the files why they are still in use and potentially change while you do that.) Fortunately Dovecot
uses the maildir format that stores emails as plain files on disk. Login to the new (Trixie) server and use <em>rsync</em> to
copy over the mails from the old (Bookworm) mail server:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">rsync -va oldserver:/var/vmail/ /var/vmail/</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="rsync -va oldserver:/var/vmail/ /var/vmail/"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>(Note the trailing slashes. Type them exactly as shown above or your files will end up in wrong places.)</p>
<p>There is no need to shut down Dovecot on your production Bookworm server. Copying the files while Dovecot is running
will not break anything. This is called a “hot copy”. It may not be consistent but it will save time during the final
synchronization.</p>
<p>Another way to copy over the emails is using Dovecots
<a href="https://doc.dovecot.org/main/core/man/doveadm-sync.1.html">doveadm-sync</a> command. It may be especially handy if you
need to copy emails from another server where you only have IMAP access but cannot access the files directly.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="copy-certificates">Copy certificates</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#copy-certificates"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Copy certificates”</span></a></div>
<p>Copy over everything in /etc/letsencrypt and /var/lib/rspamd/dkim from your old to the new server.</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title"></span><span class="sr-only">Terminal window</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">rsync</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-va</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">oldserver:/etc/letsencrypt/archive/</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/etc/letsencrypt/archive/</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">rsync</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-va</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">oldserver:/var/lib/rspamd/dkim/</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/var/lib/rspamd/dkim/</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">rsync</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-v</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">oldserver:/etc/rspamd/dkim_selectors.map</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/etc/rspamd</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="rsync -va oldserver:/etc/letsencrypt/archive/ /etc/letsencrypt/archive/rsync -va oldserver:/var/lib/rspamd/dkim/ /var/lib/rspamd/dkim/rsync -v oldserver:/etc/rspamd/dkim_selectors.map /etc/rspamd"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="downtime">Downtime</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#downtime"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Downtime”</span></a></div>
<p>You told your users about the downtime, right? The time has come? Okay. Shut down Dovecot on both servers.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="migrate-the-emails-cold">Migrate the emails cold</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#migrate-the-emails-cold"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Migrate the emails cold”</span></a></div>
<p>(<strong>Cold</strong> means: the processes have stopped or you made sure that there is no user activity so that the files can be
copied consistently.) Lets synchronize again. <em>rsync</em> will only copy those files that have changed which makes it much
faster than the first sync. On your new server run:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title"></span><span class="sr-only">Terminal window</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">rsync</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-va</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">--delete</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">oldserver:/var/vmail/</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/var/vmail/</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="rsync -va --delete oldserver:/var/vmail/ /var/vmail/"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>(The “<code dir="auto">--delete</code>” option makes sure that files that have been removed from the old server will also be deleted from the
new server. So if a user has deleted an email it will be deleted on the new server as well.)</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="switch-the-dns-records">Switch the DNS records</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#switch-the-dns-records"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Switch the DNS records”</span></a></div>
<p>For all your domains you will have to change the DNS “MX” or “A” record to point to your new server.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="enable-soft_bounce">Enable soft_bounce</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#enable-soft_bounce"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Enable soft_bounce”</span></a></div>
<p>Accidents happen. And you dont want to lose emails. So run this command to enable your safety net on the new server:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">postconf soft_bounce=yes</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="postconf soft_bounce=yes"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>This makes Postfix always keep emails in the queue that it would otherwise reject. So you can fix any errors and the
queue will empty. Start Postfix and Dovecot on the new server. Watch your /var/log/mail.log and run “mailq” from time to
time to see what emails get stuck in the queue. If you are certain that emails can be removed from the queue then use
“postsuper -d QUEUE-ID” (as shown in the “mailq” output).</p>
<p>Once you are certain that emails are properly received and sent you can switch off the <em>soft_bounce</em> mode again:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">postconf soft_bounce=no</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="postconf soft_bounce=no"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="shut-down-the-old-server">Shut down the old server</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#shut-down-the-old-server"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Shut down the old server”</span></a></div>
<p>If possible do a final backup of the old server. If users are not complaining then dismiss the old system after a week.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="further-issues">Further issues</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#further-issues"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Further issues”</span></a></div>
<p>You may see error messages like:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">Error: sieve: binary /var/vmail/example.org/user/.dovecot.svbin: read: binary stored with different major version 2.0 (!= 3.0; automatically fixed when re-compiled)</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="Error: sieve: binary /var/vmail/example.org/user/.dovecot.svbin: read: binary stored with different major version 2.0 (!= 3.0; automatically fixed when re-compiled)"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>You may need to run <code dir="auto">sievec</code> on those files.</p> </div> <footer> <footer class="sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <div class="meta sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <p>Last updated: <time datetime="2025-11-01T00:00:00.000Z">Nov 1, 2025</time></p> </div> <div class="pagination-links print:hidden astro-u2l5gyhi" dir="ltr"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/" rel="prev" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17 11H9.41l3.3-3.29a1.004 1.004 0 1 0-1.42-1.42l-5 5a1 1 0 0 0-.21.33 1 1 0 0 0 0 .76 1 1 0 0 0 .21.33l5 5a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 1.639-.325 1 1 0 0 0-.219-1.095L9.41 13H17a1 1 0 0 0 0-2Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Previous <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">Start here</span> </span> </a> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-debian/" rel="next" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17.92 11.62a1.001 1.001 0 0 0-.21-.33l-5-5a1.003 1.003 0 1 0-1.42 1.42l3.3 3.29H7a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h7.59l-3.3 3.29a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 .325 1.639 1 1 0 0 0 1.095-.219l5-5a1 1 0 0 0 .21-.33 1 1 0 0 0 0-.76Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Next <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">Installing Debian</span> </span> </a> </div> </footer> <script defer src="https://comentario.workaround.org/comentario.js"></script>
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