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72 KiB
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132 lines
No EOL
72 KiB
HTML
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</style><script type="module" src="/_astro/page.B1D-nYk3.js"></script></head> <body class="astro-bguv2lll"> <a href="#_top" class="astro-7q3lir66">Skip to content</a> <div class="page sl-flex astro-vrdttmbt"> <header class="header astro-vrdttmbt"><div class="header astro-kmkmnagf"> <div class="title-wrapper sl-flex astro-kmkmnagf"> <a href="/" class="site-title sl-flex astro-m46x6ez3"> <img class="light:sl-hidden print:hidden astro-m46x6ez3" alt src="/_astro/logo-dark.DlBk_-6-.svg" width="146" height="37"> <img class="dark:sl-hidden print:block astro-m46x6ez3" alt src="/_astro/logo.DfR9nmxN.svg" width="146" height="37"> <span class="sr-only astro-m46x6ez3" translate="no"> ISPmail Guide </span> </a> </div> <div class="sl-flex print:hidden astro-kmkmnagf"> <site-search class="astro-kmkmnagf astro-v37mnknz" data-translations="{"placeholder":"Search"}"> <button data-open-modal disabled aria-label="Search" aria-keyshortcuts="Control+K" class="astro-v37mnknz"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-v37mnknz astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M21.71 20.29 18 16.61A9 9 0 1 0 16.61 18l3.68 3.68a.999.999 0 0 0 1.42 0 1 1 0 0 0 0-1.39ZM11 18a7 7 0 1 1 0-14 7 7 0 0 1 0 14Z"/></svg> <span class="sl-hidden md:sl-block astro-v37mnknz" aria-hidden="true">Search</span> <kbd class="sl-hidden md:sl-flex astro-v37mnknz" style="display: none;"> <kbd class="astro-v37mnknz">Ctrl</kbd><kbd class="astro-v37mnknz">K</kbd> </kbd> </button> <dialog style="padding:0" aria-label="Search" class="astro-v37mnknz"> <div class="dialog-frame sl-flex astro-v37mnknz"> <button data-close-modal class="sl-flex md:sl-hidden astro-v37mnknz"> Cancel </button> <div class="search-container astro-v37mnknz"> <div id="starlight__search" class="astro-v37mnknz"></div> </div> </div> </dialog> </site-search> <script>
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</script> <ul class="top-level astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="0"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 13</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/upgrading/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Upgrading from Debian Bookworm</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-debian/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/virtual-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Virtual domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Database setup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/overview/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/tls-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/lmtp/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">LMTP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/webmail/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/relaying/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Sending / Relaying</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/anti-spoofing-dkim-spf/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM and SPF</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catch-all/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all addresses</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/going-live/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Going live</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/automated-installation/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Automated installation</span> </a> </li> </ul> </details> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="1"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 12</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/whats-new/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">What's new</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/migrating-from-a-bullseye-to-a-bookworm-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Migrating from your old (Bullseye) server</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/big-picture/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">The big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/types-of-email-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Types of email domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-debian-bookworm-on-your-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/creating-a-tls-encryption-key-and-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prepare-the-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Preparing the database</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/making-postfix-get-its-information-from-the-mariadb-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix access MariaDB</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catchall-aliases/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all aliases</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-up-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting up Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/let-postfix-send-emails-to-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix send emails to Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/webmail-using-roundcube/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-email-delivery/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing email delivery</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/relaying-outgoing-emails-through-postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Relaying outgoing emails through Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prevent-spoofing-using-dkim/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/monitoring-and-backup/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Monitoring and Backup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/automatic-installation-with-ansible/" aria-current="false" 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<a href="#_top" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Overview</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#acls" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">ACLs</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#using-the-acls-http_access" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Using the ACLs: http_access</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#combining-acls-andor" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Combining ACLs (AND/OR)</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#custom-error-pages-deny_info" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Custom error pages (deny_info)</span> </a> </li><li 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class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">ACLs</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#using-the-acls-http_access" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Using the ACLs: http_access</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#combining-acls-andor" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Combining ACLs (AND/OR)</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#custom-error-pages-deny_info" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Custom error pages (deny_info)</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#re-authentication-control" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Re-Authentication control</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav></starlight-toc><script type="module" src="/_astro/TableOfContents.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.CKWWgpjV.js"></script></div></div> </div> </aside> <div class="main-pane astro-67yu43on"> <main data-pagefind-body class="astro-bguv2lll" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <h1 id="_top" class="astro-j6tvhyss">How Squid ACLs work</h1> </div> </div> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-markdown-content"> <p>For less experienced Squid administrators the concept of ACLs can be confusing at first. But they offer a great way of controlling who is allowed to access which web pages when.</p>
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<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="acls">ACLs</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#acls"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “ACLs”</span></a></div>
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<p>First you need to define certain criteria like <em>accesses from the marketing department</em> or <em>accesses to google.com</em> or <em>need to authenticate</em>. There are certain types of ACLs for that purpose. The complete list of ACLs can be found at <a href="http://www.visolve.com/squid/squid24s1/access_controls.php">http://www.visolve.com/squid/squid24s1/access_controls.php</a></p>
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<p>The syntax of an acl is:</p>
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<div class="expressive-code"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/ec.v4551.css"><script type="module" src="/_astro/ec.0vx5m.js"></script><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl name type definition1 definition2 definition3 ...</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="acl name type definition1 definition2 definition3 ..."><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
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<p>Examples:</p>
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<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl accesses_to_google dstdomain .google.com</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl accesses_to_search_engines dstdomain .yahoo.com .google.com .vivisimo.com</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl accesses_from_marketing_department src 10.52.0.0/16</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl need_to_authenticate proxy_auth</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="acl accesses_to_google dstdomain .google.comacl accesses_to_search_engines dstdomain .yahoo.com .google.com .vivisimo.comacl accesses_from_marketing_department src 10.52.0.0/16acl need_to_authenticate proxy_auth"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
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<p>You can also use lists of definitions that are stored in files on your hard disk. Let’s assume you have a list of search engines URLs that you want to allow:</p>
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<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">/etc/squid/search-engines-urls.txt:</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">.google.com</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">.yahoo.com</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">.altavista.com</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">.vivisimo.com</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="/etc/squid/search-engines-urls.txt:.google.com.yahoo.com.altavista.com.vivisimo.com"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
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<p>Then the ACL for that file would look like:</p>
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||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl accessess_to_search_engines dstdomain "/etc/squid/search-engines-urls.txt"</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="acl accessess_to_search_engines dstdomain "/etc/squid/search-engines-urls.txt""><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
|
||
<p>The quotes are important here to tell Squid it needs to look up definitions in that file.</p>
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||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="using-the-acls-http_access">Using the ACLs: http_access</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#using-the-acls-http_access"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Using the ACLs: http_access”</span></a></div>
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||
<p>Defining the ACLs alone does not actually block anything – it’s just a definition. ACLs can be used in various places of your squid.conf. The most useful feature is the http_access statement. It works similar to the way a firewall would handle rules. For each request that Squid receives it will look through all the http_access statements in order until it finds a line that matches. It then either _accept_s or _deny_s depending on your setting. The remaining rules are ignored.</p>
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||
<p>The general syntax of an http_access line is:</p>
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||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access (allow|deny) acl1 acl2 acl3 ...</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="http_access (allow|deny) acl1 acl2 acl3 ..."><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
|
||
<p>Example:</p>
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||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access allow accesses_from_admins</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access deny accesses_to_porn_urls</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access allow accesses_during_lunchtime</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access deny all</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="http_access allow accesses_from_adminshttp_access deny accesses_to_porn_urlshttp_access allow accesses_during_lunchtimehttp_access deny all"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
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||
<p>This would allow accessing from the admins (whatever that ACL looks like – probably a <strong>src</strong> ACL pointing to the subnet where the admin workstations are in). For everyone else it will deny accesses to porn URLs. Then it would allow accesses from everyone to every web site during lunch time. And finally all other accesses would be denied.</p>
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||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="combining-acls-andor">Combining ACLs (AND/OR)</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#combining-acls-andor"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Combining ACLs (AND/OR)”</span></a></div>
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||
<p>Often you need to combine ACLs. Let’s say you want to allow access to google.com only for the back office. This combines two ACLS with an <strong>AND</strong>. This would look like this:</p>
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||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access allow accesses_to_google.com accesses_from_back_office</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="http_access allow accesses_to_google.com accesses_from_back_office"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
|
||
<p>If you wanted to use an <strong>OR</strong> and say either accesses from the back office or accesses to google.com are allowed then the line would look like this:</p>
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||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access allow accesses_to_google.com</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access allow accesses_from_back_office</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="http_access allow accesses_to_google.comhttp_access allow accesses_from_back_office"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
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<p>To summarize: <strong>AND</strong> means putting the conditions in one line. <strong>OR</strong> means using seperate lines.</p>
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||
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="custom-error-pages-deny_info">Custom error pages (deny_info)</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#custom-error-pages-deny_info"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Custom error pages (deny_info)”</span></a></div>
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<p>By default when you deny access the user gets the error page that is stored in the <em>ERR_ACCESS_DENIED</em> file. But luckily you can define your own custom error pages and display them when you deny certain accesses. A simple example:</p>
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||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl google dstdomain google.com</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">deny_info error-google google</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access deny google</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="acl google dstdomain google.comdeny_info error-google googlehttp_access deny google"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
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||
<p>Put an error page into the directory where the HTML files are stored (look for <em>error_directory</em> in your squid.conf) and name it <em>error-google</em>. If the user tries to access <code dir="auto">www.google.com</code> the access is denied and your error page is shown.</p>
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<p>Careful when you combine ACLs on a <em>http_access</em> line. Example:</p>
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||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl google dstdomain google.com</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl admin src 10.0.5.16</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">deny_info google error-google</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access deny admin google</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="acl google dstdomain google.comacl admin src 10.0.5.16deny_info google error-googlehttp_access deny admin google"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
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<p>This will deny access only for the user from the IP address 10.0.5.16 when <code dir="auto">www.google.com</code> is accessed. As you can see I have combined the ACLs <em>admin</em> and <em>google</em>. In such a combination the <em>last</em> ACL in the line is taken into account for lookups of <em>deny_info</em>. So it’s important that you define a <em>deny_info</em> for the <em>google</em> ACL.</p>
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<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="re-authentication-control">Re-Authentication control</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#re-authentication-control"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Re-Authentication control”</span></a></div>
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<p>Usually when a user is authenticated at the proxy you cannot “log out” and re-authenticate. The user has to close and re-open the browser windows to be able to re-login at the proxy. A simple configuration will probably look like this:</p>
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||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl my_auth proxy_auth REQUIRED</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access allow my_auth</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access deny all</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="acl my_auth proxy_auth REQUIREDhttp_access allow my_authhttp_access deny all"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
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||
<p>Now there is a tricky change that was introduced in Squid 2.5.10. It allows to control when the user is prompted to authenticate. Now it’s possible to force the user to re-authenticate although the username and password are still correct. Example configuration:</p>
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||
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl my_auth proxy_auth REQUIRED</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl google dstdomain .google.com</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access allow my_auth</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access deny google my_auth</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access deny all</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="acl my_auth proxy_auth REQUIREDacl google dstdomain .google.comhttp_access allow my_authhttp_access deny google my_authhttp_access deny all"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
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<p>In this case if the user requests <code dir="auto">www.google.com</code> then the second <em>http_access</em> line matches and triggers re-authentication. Remember: it’s always the last ACL on a <em>http_access</em> line that “matches”. If the matching ACL has to do with authentication a re-authentication is triggered. If you didn’t want that you would need to switch the order of ACLs so that you get http_access deny my_auth google.</p>
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<p>You might also run into an <strong>authentication loop</strong> if you are not careful. Assume that you use LDAP group lookups and want to deny access based on an LDAP group (e.g. only members of a certain LDAP group are allowed to reach certain web sites). In this case you may trigger re-authentication although you don’t intend to. This config is likely wrong for you:</p>
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<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl ldap-auth proxy_auth REQUIRED</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl ldapgroup-allowed external LDAP_group PROXY_ALLOWED</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
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</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access deny !ldap-auth</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access deny !ldapgroup-allowed</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access allow all</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="acl ldap-auth proxy_auth REQUIREDacl ldapgroup-allowed external LDAP_group PROXY_ALLOWEDhttp_access deny !ldap-authhttp_access deny !ldapgroup-allowedhttp_access allow all"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
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<p>The second <em>http_access</em> line would force the user to re-authenticate time and again if he/she is not member of the PROXY_ALLOWED group. This is perhaps not what you want. You rather wanted to deny access to non-members. So you need to rewrite this <em>http_access</em> line so that an ACL matches that has nothing to do with authentication. This is the correct example:</p>
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<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl ldap-auth proxy_auth REQUIRED</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl ldapgroup-allowed external LDAP_group PROXY_ALLOWED</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">acl dummy src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
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</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access deny !ldap-auth</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access deny !ldapgroup-allowed dummy</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">http_access allow all</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="acl ldap-auth proxy_auth REQUIREDacl ldapgroup-allowed external LDAP_group PROXY_ALLOWEDacl dummy src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0http_access deny !ldap-authhttp_access deny !ldapgroup-allowed dummyhttp_access allow all"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
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||
<p>This way the second <em>http_access</em> line still matches. But it’s the <em>dummy</em> ACL which is now last in the line. Since <em>dummy</em> is a static ACL (that always matches) and has nothing to do with authentication you will find that the access is just denied.</p> </div> <footer> <footer class="sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <div class="meta sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <p>Last updated: <time datetime="2026-01-18T17:37:21.000Z">Jan 18, 2026</time></p> </div> <div class="pagination-links print:hidden astro-u2l5gyhi" dir="ltr"> <a href="/rsnapshot-and-usb-drives/" rel="prev" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17 11H9.41l3.3-3.29a1.004 1.004 0 1 0-1.42-1.42l-5 5a1 1 0 0 0-.21.33 1 1 0 0 0 0 .76 1 1 0 0 0 .21.33l5 5a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 1.639-.325 1 1 0 0 0-.219-1.095L9.41 13H17a1 1 0 0 0 0-2Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Previous <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">Backups with rsnaphot to external USB drives</span> </span> </a> <a href="/understanding-lvm/" rel="next" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17.92 11.62a1.001 1.001 0 0 0-.21-.33l-5-5a1.003 1.003 0 1 0-1.42 1.42l3.3 3.29H7a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h7.59l-3.3 3.29a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 .325 1.639 1 1 0 0 0 1.095-.219l5-5a1 1 0 0 0 .21-.33 1 1 0 0 0 0-.76Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Next <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">Understanding the Logical Volume Manager (LVM)</span> </span> </a> </div> </footer> <script defer src="https://comentario.workaround.org/comentario.js"></script>
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