ispmail-workaround-org/dist/ispmail-trixie/dovecot/index.html
forgejo-actions[bot] ef40ac11f5 Update dist for prod
2026-01-19 00:22:32 +00:00

184 lines
No EOL
101 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" dir="ltr" data-theme="dark" data-has-toc data-has-sidebar class="astro-bguv2lll"> <head><meta charset="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><title>Dovecot | ISPmail Guide</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://workaround.org/ispmail-trixie/dovecot/"/><link rel="sitemap" href="/sitemap-index.xml"/><script src="https://rybbit.workaround.org/api/script.js" data-site-id="1" async defer></script><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml"/><meta name="generator" content="Astro v5.16.6"/><meta name="generator" content="Starlight v0.35.3"/><meta property="og:title" content="Dovecot"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://workaround.org/ispmail-trixie/dovecot/"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en"/><meta property="og:description"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="ISPmail Guide"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><script>
window.StarlightThemeProvider = (() => {
const storedTheme =
typeof localStorage !== 'undefined' && localStorage.getItem('starlight-theme');
const theme =
storedTheme ||
(window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches ? 'light' : 'dark');
document.documentElement.dataset.theme = theme === 'light' ? 'light' : 'dark';
return {
updatePickers(theme = storedTheme || 'auto') {
document.querySelectorAll('starlight-theme-select').forEach((picker) => {
const select = picker.querySelector('select');
if (select) select.value = theme;
/** @type {HTMLTemplateElement | null} */
const tmpl = document.querySelector(`#theme-icons`);
const newIcon = tmpl && tmpl.content.querySelector('.' + theme);
if (newIcon) {
const oldIcon = picker.querySelector('svg.label-icon');
if (oldIcon) {
oldIcon.replaceChildren(...newIcon.cloneNode(true).childNodes);
}
}
});
},
};
})();
</script><template id="theme-icons"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="light astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M5 12a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H3a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h1a1 1 0 0 0 1-1Zm.64 5-.71.71a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 1.41 0l.71-.71A1 1 0 0 0 5.64 17ZM12 5a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V3a1 1 0 0 0-2 0v1a1 1 0 0 0 1 1Zm5.66 2.34a1 1 0 0 0 .7-.29l.71-.71a1 1 0 1 0-1.41-1.41l-.66.71a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .66.29Zm-12-.29a1 1 0 0 0 1.41 0 1 1 0 0 0 0-1.41l-.71-.71a1.004 1.004 0 1 0-1.43 1.41l.73.71ZM21 11h-1a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h1a1 1 0 0 0 0-2Zm-2.64 6A1 1 0 0 0 17 18.36l.71.71a1 1 0 0 0 1.41 0 1 1 0 0 0 0-1.41l-.76-.66ZM12 6.5a5.5 5.5 0 1 0 5.5 5.5A5.51 5.51 0 0 0 12 6.5Zm0 9a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 0-7 3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0 7Zm0 3.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v1a1 1 0 0 0 2 0v-1a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Z"/></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" class="dark astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M21.64 13a1 1 0 0 0-1.05-.14 8.049 8.049 0 0 1-3.37.73 8.15 8.15 0 0 1-8.14-8.1 8.59 8.59 0 0 1 .25-2A1 1 0 0 0 8 2.36a10.14 10.14 0 1 0 14 11.69 1 1 0 0 0-.36-1.05Zm-9.5 6.69A8.14 8.14 0 0 1 7.08 5.22v.27a10.15 10.15 0 0 0 10.14 10.14 9.784 9.784 0 0 0 2.1-.22 8.11 8.11 0 0 1-7.18 4.32v-.04Z"/></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" class="auto astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M21 14h-1V7a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H7a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v7H3a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h14a3 3 0 0 0 3-3v-2a1 1 0 0 0-1-1ZM6 7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v7H6V7Zm14 10a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-1h16v1Z"/></svg></template><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/print.DNXP8c50.css" media="print"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/index.DpSp7KkT.css">
<style>@layer starlight.components{:root{--sl-badge-default-border: var(--sl-color-accent);--sl-badge-default-bg: var(--sl-color-accent-low);--sl-badge-default-text: #fff;--sl-badge-note-border: var(--sl-color-blue);--sl-badge-note-bg: var(--sl-color-blue-low);--sl-badge-note-text: #fff;--sl-badge-danger-border: var(--sl-color-red);--sl-badge-danger-bg: var(--sl-color-red-low);--sl-badge-danger-text: #fff;--sl-badge-success-border: var(--sl-color-green);--sl-badge-success-bg: var(--sl-color-green-low);--sl-badge-success-text: #fff;--sl-badge-caution-border: var(--sl-color-orange);--sl-badge-caution-bg: var(--sl-color-orange-low);--sl-badge-caution-text: #fff;--sl-badge-tip-border: var(--sl-color-purple);--sl-badge-tip-bg: var(--sl-color-purple-low);--sl-badge-tip-text: #fff}[data-theme=light]:root{--sl-badge-default-bg: var(--sl-color-accent-high);--sl-badge-note-bg: var(--sl-color-blue-high);--sl-badge-danger-bg: var(--sl-color-red-high);--sl-badge-success-bg: var(--sl-color-green-high);--sl-badge-caution-bg: var(--sl-color-orange-high);--sl-badge-tip-bg: var(--sl-color-purple-high)}.sl-badge:where(.astro-avdet4wd){display:inline-block;border:1px solid var(--sl-color-border-badge);border-radius:.25rem;font-family:var(--sl-font-system-mono);line-height:normal;color:var(--sl-color-text-badge);background-color:var(--sl-color-bg-badge);overflow-wrap:anywhere}.sidebar-content .sl-badge:where(.astro-avdet4wd){line-height:1;font-size:var(--sl-text-xs);padding:.125rem .375rem}.sidebar-content a[aria-current=page]>.sl-badge:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: transparent;--sl-color-border-badge: currentColor;color:inherit}.default:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: var(--sl-badge-default-bg);--sl-color-border-badge: var(--sl-badge-default-border);--sl-color-text-badge: var(--sl-badge-default-text)}.note:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: var(--sl-badge-note-bg);--sl-color-border-badge: var(--sl-badge-note-border);--sl-color-text-badge: var(--sl-badge-note-text)}.danger:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: var(--sl-badge-danger-bg);--sl-color-border-badge: var(--sl-badge-danger-border);--sl-color-text-badge: var(--sl-badge-danger-text)}.success:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: var(--sl-badge-success-bg);--sl-color-border-badge: var(--sl-badge-success-border);--sl-color-text-badge: var(--sl-badge-success-text)}.tip:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: var(--sl-badge-tip-bg);--sl-color-border-badge: var(--sl-badge-tip-border);--sl-color-text-badge: var(--sl-badge-tip-text)}.caution:where(.astro-avdet4wd){--sl-color-bg-badge: var(--sl-badge-caution-bg);--sl-color-border-badge: var(--sl-badge-caution-border);--sl-color-text-badge: var(--sl-badge-caution-text)}.small:where(.astro-avdet4wd){font-size:var(--sl-text-xs);padding:.125rem .25rem}.medium:where(.astro-avdet4wd){font-size:var(--sl-text-sm);padding:.175rem .35rem}.large:where(.astro-avdet4wd){font-size:var(--sl-text-base);padding:.225rem .45rem}.sl-markdown-content :is(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6) .sl-badge:where(.astro-avdet4wd){vertical-align:middle}}
@layer starlight.components{.card-grid:where(.astro-zntqmydn){display:grid;grid-template-columns:100%;gap:1rem}.card-grid:where(.astro-zntqmydn)>*{margin-top:0!important}@media(min-width:50rem){.card-grid:where(.astro-zntqmydn){grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:1.5rem}.stagger:where(.astro-zntqmydn){--stagger-height: 5rem;padding-bottom:var(--stagger-height)}.stagger:where(.astro-zntqmydn)>*:nth-child(2n){transform:translateY(var(--stagger-height))}}}
@layer starlight.components{.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc){--sl-card-border: var(--sl-color-purple);--sl-card-bg: var(--sl-color-purple-low);border:1px solid var(--sl-color-gray-5);background-color:var(--sl-color-black);padding:clamp(1rem,calc(.125rem + 3vw),2.5rem);flex-direction:column;gap:clamp(.5rem,calc(.125rem + 1vw),1rem)}.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc):nth-child(4n+1){--sl-card-border: var(--sl-color-orange);--sl-card-bg: var(--sl-color-orange-low)}.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc):nth-child(4n+3){--sl-card-border: var(--sl-color-green);--sl-card-bg: var(--sl-color-green-low)}.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc):nth-child(4n+4){--sl-card-border: var(--sl-color-red);--sl-card-bg: var(--sl-color-red-low)}.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc):nth-child(4n+5){--sl-card-border: var(--sl-color-blue);--sl-card-bg: var(--sl-color-blue-low)}.title:where(.astro-v5tidmuc){font-weight:600;font-size:var(--sl-text-h4);color:var(--sl-color-white);line-height:var(--sl-line-height-headings);gap:1rem;align-items:center}.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc) .icon:where(.astro-v5tidmuc){border:1px solid var(--sl-card-border);background-color:var(--sl-card-bg);padding:.2em;border-radius:.25rem;flex-shrink:0}.card:where(.astro-v5tidmuc) .body:where(.astro-v5tidmuc){margin:0;font-size:clamp(var(--sl-text-sm),calc(.5rem + 1vw),var(--sl-text-body))}}
@layer starlight.components{svg:where(.astro-c6vsoqas){color:var(--sl-icon-color);font-size:var(--sl-icon-size, 1em);width:1em;height:1em}}
@layer starlight.components{starlight-tabs:where(.astro-esqgolmp){display:block}.tablist-wrapper:where(.astro-esqgolmp){overflow-x:auto}:where(.astro-esqgolmp)[role=tablist]{display:flex;list-style:none;border-bottom:2px solid var(--sl-color-gray-5);padding:0}.tab:where(.astro-esqgolmp){margin-bottom:-2px}.tab:where(.astro-esqgolmp)>:where(.astro-esqgolmp)[role=tab]{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;padding:0 1.25rem;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:2px solid var(--sl-color-gray-5);color:var(--sl-color-gray-3);outline-offset:var(--sl-outline-offset-inside);overflow-wrap:initial}.tab:where(.astro-esqgolmp) :where(.astro-esqgolmp)[role=tab][aria-selected=true]{color:var(--sl-color-white);border-color:var(--sl-color-text-accent);font-weight:600}.tablist-wrapper:where(.astro-esqgolmp)~[role=tabpanel]{margin-top:1rem}}
@layer starlight.components{.sl-steps{--bullet-size: calc(var(--sl-line-height) * 1rem);--bullet-margin: .375rem;list-style:none;counter-reset:steps-counter var(--sl-steps-start, 0);padding-inline-start:0}.sl-steps>li{counter-increment:steps-counter;position:relative;padding-inline-start:calc(var(--bullet-size) + 1rem);padding-bottom:1px;min-height:calc(var(--bullet-size) + var(--bullet-margin))}.sl-steps>li+li{margin-top:0}.sl-steps>li:before{content:counter(steps-counter);position:absolute;top:0;inset-inline-start:0;width:var(--bullet-size);height:var(--bullet-size);line-height:var(--bullet-size);font-size:var(--sl-text-xs);font-weight:600;text-align:center;color:var(--sl-color-white);background-color:var(--sl-color-gray-6);border-radius:99rem;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px var(--sl-color-gray-5)}.sl-steps>li:after{--guide-width: 1px;content:"";position:absolute;top:calc(var(--bullet-size) + var(--bullet-margin));bottom:var(--bullet-margin);inset-inline-start:calc((var(--bullet-size) - var(--guide-width)) / 2);width:var(--guide-width);background-color:var(--sl-color-hairline-light)}}@layer starlight.content{.sl-steps>li>:first-child{--lh: calc(1em * var(--sl-line-height));--shift-y: calc(.5 * (var(--bullet-size) - var(--lh)));transform:translateY(var(--shift-y));margin-bottom:var(--shift-y)}.sl-steps>li>:first-child:where(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6){--lh: calc(1em * var(--sl-line-height-headings))}@supports (--prop: 1lh){.sl-steps>li>:first-child{--lh: 1lh}}}
@layer starlight.components{starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm){--x-space: 1.5rem;--y-space: .125rem;--y-pad: 0;display:block;border:1px solid var(--sl-color-gray-5);padding:1rem;background-color:var(--sl-color-gray-6);font-size:var(--sl-text-xs);font-family:var(--__sl-font-mono);overflow-x:auto}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details{border:0;padding:0;padding-inline-start:var(--x-space);background:transparent}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary{margin-inline-start:calc(-1 * var(--x-space));border:0;padding:var(--y-pad) .625rem;font-weight:400;color:var(--sl-color-white);max-width:100%}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary::marker,starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary::-webkit-details-marker{color:var(--sl-color-gray-3)}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary:hover,starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary:hover .tree-icon{cursor:pointer;color:var(--sl-color-text-accent);fill:currentColor}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary:hover~ul{border-color:var(--sl-color-gray-4)}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .directory>details>summary:hover .highlight .tree-icon{color:var(--sl-color-text-invert);fill:currentColor}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) ul{margin-inline-start:.5rem;border-inline-start:1px solid var(--sl-color-gray-5);padding:0;padding-inline-start:.125rem;list-style:none}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm)>ul{margin:0;border:0;padding:0}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) li{margin:var(--y-space) 0;padding:var(--y-pad) 0}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .file{margin-inline-start:calc(var(--x-space) - .125rem);color:var(--sl-color-white)}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .tree-entry{display:inline-flex;align-items:flex-start;flex-wrap:wrap;max-width:calc(100% - 1rem)}@media(min-width:30em){starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .tree-entry{flex-wrap:nowrap}}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .tree-entry>:first-child{flex-shrink:0}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .empty{color:var(--sl-color-gray-3);padding-inline-start:.375rem}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .comment{color:var(--sl-color-gray-3);padding-inline-start:1.625rem;max-width:24rem;min-width:12rem}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .highlight{display:inline-block;border-radius:.25rem;padding-inline-end:.5rem;color:var(--sl-color-text-invert);background-color:var(--sl-color-text-accent)}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) svg{display:inline;fill:var(--sl-color-gray-3);vertical-align:middle;margin-inline:.25rem .375rem;width:.875rem;height:.875rem}starlight-file-tree:where(.astro-p67cqifm) .highlight svg.tree-icon{fill:currentColor}}
@layer starlight.components{.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa){align-items:center;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:999rem;display:inline-flex;font-size:var(--sl-text-sm);gap:.5em;line-height:1.1875;outline-offset:.25rem;padding:.4375rem 1.125rem;text-decoration:none}.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa).primary{background:var(--sl-color-text-accent);border-color:var(--sl-color-text-accent);color:var(--sl-color-black)}.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa).primary:hover{color:var(--sl-color-black)}.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa).secondary{border-color:inherit;color:var(--sl-color-white)}.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa).minimal{color:var(--sl-color-white);padding-inline:0}.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa) svg{flex-shrink:0}@media(min-width:50rem){.sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa){font-size:var(--sl-text-base);padding:.9375rem 1.25rem}}.sl-markdown-content .sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa){margin-inline-end:1rem}.sl-markdown-content .sl-link-button:where(.astro-xwgiixxa):not(:where(p *)){margin-block:1rem}}
</style><script type="module" src="/_astro/page.B1D-nYk3.js"></script><style>.step-box:where(.astro-qx6puev2){background:#f9fafb;border:1px solid #e5e7eb;border-radius:.75rem;padding:1rem;max-width:400px}.step-box:where(.astro-qx6puev2) .step-title:where(.astro-qx6puev2){font-size:1.2em;padding-bottom:.6em;font-weight:500}.steps:where(.astro-qx6puev2){list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.5rem}.step:where(.astro-qx6puev2){display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.75rem}.circle:where(.astro-qx6puev2){width:1.6rem;height:1.6rem;border-radius:50%;border:2px solid gray;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;flex-shrink:0}.circle:where(.astro-qx6puev2).done{background:#22c55e;border-color:#22c55e;color:#fff}.circle:where(.astro-qx6puev2).current{background:#3b82f6;border-color:#3b82f6;color:#fff;animation:pulse 2s infinite}.circle:where(.astro-qx6puev2).todo{border-color:#9ca3af;color:#9ca3af}.label:where(.astro-qx6puev2){margin:0;font-size:.95rem;color:#374151}@keyframes pulse{0%{box-shadow:0 0 #3b82f699}to{box-shadow:0 0 0 8px #3b82f600}}
</style></head> <body class="astro-bguv2lll"> <a href="#_top" class="astro-7q3lir66">Skip to content</a> <div class="page sl-flex astro-vrdttmbt"> <header class="header astro-vrdttmbt"><div class="header astro-kmkmnagf"> <div class="title-wrapper sl-flex astro-kmkmnagf"> <a href="/" class="site-title sl-flex astro-m46x6ez3"> <img class="light:sl-hidden print:hidden astro-m46x6ez3" alt src="/_astro/logo-dark.DlBk_-6-.svg" width="146" height="37"> <img class="dark:sl-hidden print:block astro-m46x6ez3" alt src="/_astro/logo.DfR9nmxN.svg" width="146" height="37"> <span class="sr-only astro-m46x6ez3" translate="no"> ISPmail Guide </span> </a> </div> <div class="sl-flex print:hidden astro-kmkmnagf"> <site-search class="astro-kmkmnagf astro-v37mnknz" data-translations="{&#34;placeholder&#34;:&#34;Search&#34;}"> <button data-open-modal disabled aria-label="Search" aria-keyshortcuts="Control+K" class="astro-v37mnknz"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-v37mnknz astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M21.71 20.29 18 16.61A9 9 0 1 0 16.61 18l3.68 3.68a.999.999 0 0 0 1.42 0 1 1 0 0 0 0-1.39ZM11 18a7 7 0 1 1 0-14 7 7 0 0 1 0 14Z"/></svg> <span class="sl-hidden md:sl-block astro-v37mnknz" aria-hidden="true">Search</span> <kbd class="sl-hidden md:sl-flex astro-v37mnknz" style="display: none;"> <kbd class="astro-v37mnknz">Ctrl</kbd><kbd class="astro-v37mnknz">K</kbd> </kbd> </button> <dialog style="padding:0" aria-label="Search" class="astro-v37mnknz"> <div class="dialog-frame sl-flex astro-v37mnknz"> <button data-close-modal class="sl-flex md:sl-hidden astro-v37mnknz"> Cancel </button> <div class="search-container astro-v37mnknz"> <div id="starlight__search" class="astro-v37mnknz"></div> </div> </div> </dialog> </site-search> <script>
(() => {
const openBtn = document.querySelector('button[data-open-modal]');
const shortcut = openBtn?.querySelector('kbd');
if (!openBtn || !(shortcut instanceof HTMLElement)) return;
const platformKey = shortcut.querySelector('kbd');
if (platformKey && /(Mac|iPhone|iPod|iPad)/i.test(navigator.platform)) {
platformKey.textContent = '⌘';
openBtn.setAttribute('aria-keyshortcuts', 'Meta+K');
}
shortcut.style.display = '';
})();
</script> <script type="module" src="/_astro/Search.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.cjYDvRdi.js"></script> </div> <div class="sl-hidden md:sl-flex print:hidden right-group astro-kmkmnagf"> <div class="sl-flex social-icons astro-kmkmnagf"> <a href="https://git.workaround.org/chaas/ispmail-workaround-org" rel="me" class="sl-flex astro-wy4te6ga"><span class="sr-only astro-wy4te6ga">Git</span><svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-wy4te6ga astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M0.355 12.231L0.355 12.231L0.355 11.853Q0.397 11.517 0.565 11.265L0.565 11.265Q0.691 11.097 0.943 10.803L0.943 10.803L1.279 10.425L7.831 3.831L7.873 3.873Q7.957 3.873 7.957 3.957L7.957 3.957L10.309 6.351Q10.519 6.519 10.309 6.729L10.309 6.729Q10.225 7.317 10.435 7.863Q10.645 8.409 11.107 8.703L11.107 8.703Q11.275 8.787 11.317 8.892Q11.359 8.997 11.359 9.207L11.359 9.207L11.359 15.003Q11.359 15.255 11.107 15.507L11.107 15.507Q10.603 15.843 10.372 16.389Q10.141 16.935 10.330 17.502Q10.519 18.069 10.981 18.447Q11.443 18.825 12.031 18.825Q12.619 18.825 13.081 18.489Q13.543 18.153 13.732 17.586Q13.921 17.019 13.753 16.473Q13.585 15.927 13.081 15.507L13.081 15.507Q12.913 15.423 12.871 15.318Q12.829 15.213 12.829 15.003L12.829 15.003L12.829 9.081L12.955 9.081L15.055 11.181Q15.139 11.265 15.139 11.391L15.139 11.391L15.181 11.475L15.181 12.231Q15.265 13.029 15.874 13.470Q16.483 13.911 17.281 13.806Q18.079 13.701 18.562 13.029Q19.045 12.357 18.835 11.601L18.835 11.601Q18.751 10.929 18.100 10.488Q17.449 10.047 16.735 10.131L16.735 10.131Q16.483 10.131 16.231 10.005L16.231 10.005L14.005 7.779Q13.879 7.653 13.879 7.401L13.879 7.401Q14.005 6.813 13.711 6.267Q13.417 5.721 12.871 5.448Q12.325 5.175 11.779 5.301L11.779 5.301Q11.359 5.301 11.359 5.175L11.359 5.175Q9.805 3.579 9.007 2.907L9.007 2.907Q8.797 2.739 9.007 2.529L9.007 2.529Q9.469 2.193 10.183 1.353L10.183 1.353L10.729 0.807Q11.905-0.369 13.081 0.807L13.081 0.807L23.035 10.803Q24.253 11.979 23.035 13.155L23.035 13.155L13.291 22.941Q12.913 23.319 12.745 23.445L12.745 23.445Q12.409 23.739 12.031 23.781L12.031 23.781L11.779 23.781L11.569 23.697Q11.065 23.487 10.855 23.277L10.855 23.277L10.057 22.479Q8.881 21.387 8.335 20.757L8.335 20.757L1.153 13.575Q1.069 13.365 0.775 13.029L0.775 13.029Q0.397 12.525 0.355 12.231Z"/></svg></a><a href="https://riot.im/app/#/room/#ispmail:matrix.org" rel="me" class="sl-flex astro-wy4te6ga"><span class="sr-only astro-wy4te6ga">Matrix</span><svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-wy4te6ga astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M22.5 1.5v21h-2.25V24H24V0h-3.75v1.5h2.25ZM7.46 7.95V9.1h.04a3.02 3.02 0 0 1 2.61-1.39c.54 0 1.03.1 1.48.32.44.2.78.58 1.01 1.1.26-.37.6-.7 1.03-.99.44-.28.95-.43 1.55-.43.45 0 .87.06 1.26.17.38.11.71.29.99.53.27.24.49.56.64.95.15.4.23.86.23 1.42v5.72h-2.34v-4.85c0-.29-.01-.56-.04-.8a1.73 1.73 0 0 0-.18-.67 1.1 1.1 0 0 0-.44-.45 1.6 1.6 0 0 0-.78-.16c-.33 0-.6.06-.8.19-.2.12-.37.29-.48.5a2 2 0 0 0-.23.69c-.04.26-.06.52-.06.78v4.77H10.6v-4.8l-.01-.75a2.29 2.29 0 0 0-.14-.69c-.08-.2-.23-.38-.42-.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-.85-.2c-.15.01-.3.04-.44.08-.19.06-.37.15-.52.28-.18.14-.32.34-.44.6-.12.26-.18.6-.18 1.02v4.96H5.25V7.94h2.21ZM1.5 1.5v21h2.25V24H0V0h3.75v1.5H1.5Z"/></svg></a><a href="https://comentario.workaround.org/api/rss/comments?domain=0f111a27-fbfa-48af-8beb-ab12e612d92f" rel="me" class="sl-flex astro-wy4te6ga"><span class="sr-only astro-wy4te6ga">Feed</span><svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-wy4te6ga astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M2.88 16.88a3 3 0 0 0 0 4.24 3 3 0 0 0 4.24 0 3 3 0 0 0-4.24-4.24Zm2.83 2.83a1 1 0 0 1-1.42-1.42 1 1 0 0 1 1.42 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1.42ZM5 12a1 1 0 0 0 0 2 5 5 0 0 1 5 5 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 7 7 0 0 0-7-7Zm0-4a1 1 0 0 0 0 2 9 9 0 0 1 9 9 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 11.08 11.08 0 0 0-3.22-7.78A11.08 11.08 0 0 0 5 8Zm10.61.39A15.11 15.11 0 0 0 5 4a1 1 0 0 0 0 2 13 13 0 0 1 13 13 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 15.11 15.11 0 0 0-4.39-10.61Z"/></svg></a> </div> <starlight-theme-select> <label style="--sl-select-width: 6.25em" class="astro-4yphtoen"> <span class="sr-only astro-4yphtoen">Select theme</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon label-icon astro-4yphtoen astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M21 14h-1V7a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H7a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v7H3a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h14a3 3 0 0 0 3-3v-2a1 1 0 0 0-1-1ZM6 7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v7H6V7Zm14 10a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-1h16v1Z"/></svg> <select autocomplete="off" class="astro-4yphtoen"> <option value="dark" class="astro-4yphtoen">Dark</option><option value="light" class="astro-4yphtoen">Light</option><option value="auto" selected class="astro-4yphtoen">Auto</option> </select> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon caret astro-4yphtoen astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M17 9.17a1 1 0 0 0-1.41 0L12 12.71 8.46 9.17a1 1 0 1 0-1.41 1.42l4.24 4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 1.42 0L17 10.59a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </label> </starlight-theme-select> <script>
StarlightThemeProvider.updatePickers();
</script> <script type="module">const r="starlight-theme",o=e=>e==="auto"||e==="dark"||e==="light"?e:"auto",c=()=>o(typeof localStorage<"u"&&localStorage.getItem(r));function n(e){typeof localStorage<"u"&&localStorage.setItem(r,e==="light"||e==="dark"?e:"")}const l=()=>matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark";function t(e){StarlightThemeProvider.updatePickers(e),document.documentElement.dataset.theme=e==="auto"?l():e,n(e)}matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").addEventListener("change",()=>{c()==="auto"&&t("auto")});class s extends HTMLElement{constructor(){super(),t(c()),this.querySelector("select")?.addEventListener("change",a=>{a.currentTarget instanceof HTMLSelectElement&&t(o(a.currentTarget.value))})}}customElements.define("starlight-theme-select",s);</script> <script type="module">class s extends HTMLElement{constructor(){super();const e=this.querySelector("select");e&&(e.addEventListener("change",t=>{t.currentTarget instanceof HTMLSelectElement&&(window.location.pathname=t.currentTarget.value)}),window.addEventListener("pageshow",t=>{if(!t.persisted)return;const n=e.querySelector("option[selected]")?.index;n!==e.selectedIndex&&(e.selectedIndex=n??0)}))}}customElements.define("starlight-lang-select",s);</script> </div> </div> </header> <nav class="sidebar print:hidden astro-vrdttmbt" aria-label="Main"> <starlight-menu-button class="print:hidden astro-jif73yzw"> <button aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Menu" aria-controls="starlight__sidebar" class="sl-flex md:sl-hidden astro-jif73yzw"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="open-menu astro-jif73yzw astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M3 8h18a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H3a1 1 0 0 0 0 2Zm18 8H3a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h18a1 1 0 0 0 0-2Zm0-5H3a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h18a1 1 0 0 0 0-2Z"/></svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="close-menu astro-jif73yzw astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="m13.41 12 6.3-6.29a1.004 1.004 0 1 0-1.42-1.42L12 10.59l-6.29-6.3a1.004 1.004 0 0 0-1.42 1.42l6.3 6.29-6.3 6.29a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42.998.998 0 0 0 1.42 0l6.29-6.3 6.29 6.3a.999.999 0 0 0 1.42 0 1 1 0 0 0 0-1.42L13.41 12Z"/></svg> </button> </starlight-menu-button> <script type="module">class s extends HTMLElement{constructor(){super(),this.btn=this.querySelector("button"),this.btn.addEventListener("click",()=>this.toggleExpanded());const t=this.closest("nav");t&&t.addEventListener("keyup",e=>this.closeOnEscape(e))}setExpanded(t){this.setAttribute("aria-expanded",String(t)),document.body.toggleAttribute("data-mobile-menu-expanded",t)}toggleExpanded(){this.setExpanded(this.getAttribute("aria-expanded")!=="true")}closeOnEscape(t){t.code==="Escape"&&(this.setExpanded(!1),this.btn.focus())}}customElements.define("starlight-menu-button",s);</script> <div id="starlight__sidebar" class="sidebar-pane astro-vrdttmbt"> <div class="sidebar-content sl-flex astro-vrdttmbt"> <sl-sidebar-state-persist data-hash="01h4vp7" class="astro-kku4brbg"> <script aria-hidden="true">
(() => {
try {
if (!matchMedia('(min-width: 50em)').matches) return;
/** @type {HTMLElement | null} */
const target = document.querySelector('sl-sidebar-state-persist');
const state = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem('sl-sidebar-state') || '0');
if (!target || !state || target.dataset.hash !== state.hash) return;
window._starlightScrollRestore = state.scroll;
customElements.define(
'sl-sidebar-restore',
class SidebarRestore extends HTMLElement {
connectedCallback() {
try {
const idx = parseInt(this.dataset.index || '');
const details = this.closest('details');
if (details && typeof state.open[idx] === 'boolean') details.open = state.open[idx];
} catch {}
}
}
);
} catch {}
})();
</script> <ul class="top-level astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="0"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 13</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/upgrading/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Upgrading from Debian Bookworm</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-debian/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/virtual-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Virtual domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Database setup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/overview/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/tls-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dovecot/" aria-current="page" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/lmtp/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">LMTP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/webmail/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/relaying/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Sending / Relaying</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/anti-spoofing-dkim-spf/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM and SPF</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catch-all/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all addresses</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/going-live/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Going live</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/automated-installation/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Automated installation</span> </a> </li> </ul> </details> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="1"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 12</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/whats-new/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">What&#39;s new</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/migrating-from-a-bullseye-to-a-bookworm-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Migrating from your old (Bullseye) server</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/big-picture/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">The big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/types-of-email-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Types of email domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-debian-bookworm-on-your-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/creating-a-tls-encryption-key-and-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prepare-the-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Preparing the database</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/making-postfix-get-its-information-from-the-mariadb-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix access MariaDB</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catchall-aliases/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all aliases</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-up-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting up Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/let-postfix-send-emails-to-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix send emails to Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/webmail-using-roundcube/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-email-delivery/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing email delivery</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/relaying-outgoing-emails-through-postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Relaying outgoing emails through Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prevent-spoofing-using-dkim/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/monitoring-and-backup/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Monitoring and Backup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/automatic-installation-with-ansible/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Automatic installation with Ansible</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/success-stories/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Success stories</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/faq-frequently-asked-questions/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">FAQ (frequently asked questions)</span> </a> </li> </ul> </details> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="2"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">Misc articles</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/article/updating-the-bios-on-lenovo-laptops-from-linux-using-a-usb-flash-stick/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Updating the BIOS on Lenovo laptops from Linux using a USB flash stick</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/bacula-cheatsheet/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Bareos/Bacula Cheat Sheet</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/debian-packages-are-so-old/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Debian packages are so old</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/getting-help-on-irc/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Getting help on IRC</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/linux/renaming-multiple-files/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Renaming multiple files</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/linuxtip/pipes/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Pipes and redirection</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/rsnapshot-and-usb-drives/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Backups with rsnaphot to external USB drives</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/squid-acls/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">How Squid ACLs work</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/understanding-lvm/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Understanding the Logical Volume Manager (LVM)</span> </a> </li> </ul> </details> </li> </ul> <script aria-hidden="true">
(() => {
const scroller = document.getElementById('starlight__sidebar');
if (!window._starlightScrollRestore || !scroller) return;
scroller.scrollTop = window._starlightScrollRestore;
delete window._starlightScrollRestore;
})();
</script> </sl-sidebar-state-persist> <div class="md:sl-hidden"> <div class="mobile-preferences sl-flex astro-wu23bvmt"> <div class="social-icons astro-wu23bvmt"> <a href="https://git.workaround.org/chaas/ispmail-workaround-org" rel="me" class="sl-flex astro-wy4te6ga"><span class="sr-only astro-wy4te6ga">Git</span><svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-wy4te6ga astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M0.355 12.231L0.355 12.231L0.355 11.853Q0.397 11.517 0.565 11.265L0.565 11.265Q0.691 11.097 0.943 10.803L0.943 10.803L1.279 10.425L7.831 3.831L7.873 3.873Q7.957 3.873 7.957 3.957L7.957 3.957L10.309 6.351Q10.519 6.519 10.309 6.729L10.309 6.729Q10.225 7.317 10.435 7.863Q10.645 8.409 11.107 8.703L11.107 8.703Q11.275 8.787 11.317 8.892Q11.359 8.997 11.359 9.207L11.359 9.207L11.359 15.003Q11.359 15.255 11.107 15.507L11.107 15.507Q10.603 15.843 10.372 16.389Q10.141 16.935 10.330 17.502Q10.519 18.069 10.981 18.447Q11.443 18.825 12.031 18.825Q12.619 18.825 13.081 18.489Q13.543 18.153 13.732 17.586Q13.921 17.019 13.753 16.473Q13.585 15.927 13.081 15.507L13.081 15.507Q12.913 15.423 12.871 15.318Q12.829 15.213 12.829 15.003L12.829 15.003L12.829 9.081L12.955 9.081L15.055 11.181Q15.139 11.265 15.139 11.391L15.139 11.391L15.181 11.475L15.181 12.231Q15.265 13.029 15.874 13.470Q16.483 13.911 17.281 13.806Q18.079 13.701 18.562 13.029Q19.045 12.357 18.835 11.601L18.835 11.601Q18.751 10.929 18.100 10.488Q17.449 10.047 16.735 10.131L16.735 10.131Q16.483 10.131 16.231 10.005L16.231 10.005L14.005 7.779Q13.879 7.653 13.879 7.401L13.879 7.401Q14.005 6.813 13.711 6.267Q13.417 5.721 12.871 5.448Q12.325 5.175 11.779 5.301L11.779 5.301Q11.359 5.301 11.359 5.175L11.359 5.175Q9.805 3.579 9.007 2.907L9.007 2.907Q8.797 2.739 9.007 2.529L9.007 2.529Q9.469 2.193 10.183 1.353L10.183 1.353L10.729 0.807Q11.905-0.369 13.081 0.807L13.081 0.807L23.035 10.803Q24.253 11.979 23.035 13.155L23.035 13.155L13.291 22.941Q12.913 23.319 12.745 23.445L12.745 23.445Q12.409 23.739 12.031 23.781L12.031 23.781L11.779 23.781L11.569 23.697Q11.065 23.487 10.855 23.277L10.855 23.277L10.057 22.479Q8.881 21.387 8.335 20.757L8.335 20.757L1.153 13.575Q1.069 13.365 0.775 13.029L0.775 13.029Q0.397 12.525 0.355 12.231Z"/></svg></a><a href="https://riot.im/app/#/room/#ispmail:matrix.org" rel="me" class="sl-flex astro-wy4te6ga"><span class="sr-only astro-wy4te6ga">Matrix</span><svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-wy4te6ga astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M22.5 1.5v21h-2.25V24H24V0h-3.75v1.5h2.25ZM7.46 7.95V9.1h.04a3.02 3.02 0 0 1 2.61-1.39c.54 0 1.03.1 1.48.32.44.2.78.58 1.01 1.1.26-.37.6-.7 1.03-.99.44-.28.95-.43 1.55-.43.45 0 .87.06 1.26.17.38.11.71.29.99.53.27.24.49.56.64.95.15.4.23.86.23 1.42v5.72h-2.34v-4.85c0-.29-.01-.56-.04-.8a1.73 1.73 0 0 0-.18-.67 1.1 1.1 0 0 0-.44-.45 1.6 1.6 0 0 0-.78-.16c-.33 0-.6.06-.8.19-.2.12-.37.29-.48.5a2 2 0 0 0-.23.69c-.04.26-.06.52-.06.78v4.77H10.6v-4.8l-.01-.75a2.29 2.29 0 0 0-.14-.69c-.08-.2-.23-.38-.42-.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-.85-.2c-.15.01-.3.04-.44.08-.19.06-.37.15-.52.28-.18.14-.32.34-.44.6-.12.26-.18.6-.18 1.02v4.96H5.25V7.94h2.21ZM1.5 1.5v21h2.25V24H0V0h3.75v1.5H1.5Z"/></svg></a><a href="https://comentario.workaround.org/api/rss/comments?domain=0f111a27-fbfa-48af-8beb-ab12e612d92f" rel="me" class="sl-flex astro-wy4te6ga"><span class="sr-only astro-wy4te6ga">Feed</span><svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-wy4te6ga astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M2.88 16.88a3 3 0 0 0 0 4.24 3 3 0 0 0 4.24 0 3 3 0 0 0-4.24-4.24Zm2.83 2.83a1 1 0 0 1-1.42-1.42 1 1 0 0 1 1.42 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1.42ZM5 12a1 1 0 0 0 0 2 5 5 0 0 1 5 5 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 7 7 0 0 0-7-7Zm0-4a1 1 0 0 0 0 2 9 9 0 0 1 9 9 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 11.08 11.08 0 0 0-3.22-7.78A11.08 11.08 0 0 0 5 8Zm10.61.39A15.11 15.11 0 0 0 5 4a1 1 0 0 0 0 2 13 13 0 0 1 13 13 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 15.11 15.11 0 0 0-4.39-10.61Z"/></svg></a> </div> <starlight-theme-select> <label style="--sl-select-width: 6.25em" class="astro-4yphtoen"> <span class="sr-only astro-4yphtoen">Select theme</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon label-icon astro-4yphtoen astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M21 14h-1V7a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H7a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v7H3a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v2a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h14a3 3 0 0 0 3-3v-2a1 1 0 0 0-1-1ZM6 7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v7H6V7Zm14 10a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-1h16v1Z"/></svg> <select autocomplete="off" class="astro-4yphtoen"> <option value="dark" class="astro-4yphtoen">Dark</option><option value="light" class="astro-4yphtoen">Light</option><option value="auto" selected class="astro-4yphtoen">Auto</option> </select> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon caret astro-4yphtoen astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M17 9.17a1 1 0 0 0-1.41 0L12 12.71 8.46 9.17a1 1 0 1 0-1.41 1.42l4.24 4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 1.42 0L17 10.59a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </label> </starlight-theme-select> <script>
StarlightThemeProvider.updatePickers();
</script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="main-frame astro-vrdttmbt"> <script type="module">const a=document.getElementById("starlight__sidebar"),n=a?.querySelector("sl-sidebar-state-persist"),o="sl-sidebar-state",i=()=>{let t=[];const e=n?.dataset.hash||"";try{const s=sessionStorage.getItem(o),r=JSON.parse(s||"{}");Array.isArray(r.open)&&r.hash===e&&(t=r.open)}catch{}return{hash:e,open:t,scroll:a?.scrollTop||0}},c=t=>{try{sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch{}},d=()=>c(i()),l=(t,e)=>{const s=i();s.open[e]=t,c(s)};n?.addEventListener("click",t=>{if(!(t.target instanceof Element))return;const e=t.target.closest("summary")?.closest("details");if(!e)return;const s=e.querySelector("sl-sidebar-restore"),r=parseInt(s?.dataset.index||"");isNaN(r)||l(!e.open,r)});addEventListener("visibilitychange",()=>{document.visibilityState==="hidden"&&d()});addEventListener("pageHide",d);</script> <div class="lg:sl-flex astro-67yu43on"> <aside class="right-sidebar-container print:hidden astro-67yu43on"> <div class="right-sidebar astro-67yu43on"> <div class="lg:sl-hidden astro-pb3aqygn"><mobile-starlight-toc data-min-h="2" data-max-h="3" class="astro-doynk5tl"><nav aria-labelledby="starlight__on-this-page--mobile" class="astro-doynk5tl"><details id="starlight__mobile-toc" class="astro-doynk5tl"><summary id="starlight__on-this-page--mobile" class="sl-flex astro-doynk5tl"><span class="toggle sl-flex astro-doynk5tl">On this page<svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-doynk5tl astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg></span><span class="display-current astro-doynk5tl"></span></summary><div class="dropdown astro-doynk5tl"><ul class="isMobile astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#_top" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Overview</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#setting-up-the-vmail-directory" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Setting up the vmail directory</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#dovecot-configuration" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Dovecot configuration</span> </a> <ul class="isMobile astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#10-authconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">10-auth.conf</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#10-mailconf--99-ispmail-mailconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">10-mail.conf / 99-ispmail-mail.conf</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#10-masterconf--99-ispmail-masterconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">10-master.conf / 99-ispmail-master.conf</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#10-sslconf--99-ispmail-sslconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">10-ssl.conf / 99-ispmail-ssl.conf</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#20-lmtpconf--99-ispmail-lmtpconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">20-lmtp.conf / 99-ispmail-lmtp.conf</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#99-ispmail-sqlconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">99-ispmail-sql.conf</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#99-ispmail-managesieveconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">99-ispmail-managesieve.conf</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#restart-and-test" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Restart and test</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div></details></nav></mobile-starlight-toc><script type="module" src="/_astro/MobileTableOfContents.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.C181hMzK.js"></script></div><div class="right-sidebar-panel sl-hidden lg:sl-block astro-pb3aqygn"><div class="sl-container astro-pb3aqygn"><starlight-toc data-min-h="2" data-max-h="3"><nav aria-labelledby="starlight__on-this-page"><h2 id="starlight__on-this-page">On this page</h2><ul class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#_top" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Overview</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#setting-up-the-vmail-directory" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Setting up the vmail directory</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#dovecot-configuration" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Dovecot configuration</span> </a> <ul class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#10-authconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">10-auth.conf</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#10-mailconf--99-ispmail-mailconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">10-mail.conf / 99-ispmail-mail.conf</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#10-masterconf--99-ispmail-masterconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">10-master.conf / 99-ispmail-master.conf</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#10-sslconf--99-ispmail-sslconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">10-ssl.conf / 99-ispmail-ssl.conf</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#20-lmtpconf--99-ispmail-lmtpconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">20-lmtp.conf / 99-ispmail-lmtp.conf</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#99-ispmail-sqlconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">99-ispmail-sql.conf</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <a href="#99-ispmail-managesieveconf" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 1;">99-ispmail-managesieve.conf</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#restart-and-test" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Restart and test</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav></starlight-toc><script type="module" src="/_astro/TableOfContents.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.CKWWgpjV.js"></script></div></div> </div> </aside> <div class="main-pane astro-67yu43on"> <main data-pagefind-body class="astro-bguv2lll" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <h1 id="_top" class="astro-j6tvhyss">Dovecot</h1> </div> </div> <div class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-markdown-content"> <div class="step-box astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="step-title astro-qx6puev2">Todo list for receiving emails</div> <ol class="steps astro-qx6puev2"> <li class="step astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="circle done astro-qx6puev2"> 1 </div> <p class="label astro-qx6puev2">DNS records point to your server</p> </li><li class="step astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="circle done astro-qx6puev2"> 2 </div> <p class="label astro-qx6puev2">Get a certificate from Let&#39;s Encrypt</p> </li><li class="step astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="circle done astro-qx6puev2"> 3 </div> <p class="label astro-qx6puev2">Postfix fetches information from MariaDB</p> </li><li class="step astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="circle current astro-qx6puev2"> 4 </div> <p class="label astro-qx6puev2">Dovecot fetches information from MariaDB</p> </li><li class="step astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="circle todo astro-qx6puev2"> 5 </div> <p class="label astro-qx6puev2">Postfix hands over emails to Dovecot</p> </li><li class="step astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="circle todo astro-qx6puev2"> 6 </div> <p class="label astro-qx6puev2">Dovecot saves the email to disk</p> </li> </ol> </div>
<p>In this chapter we will configure Dovecot so that it knows how to deliver incoming emails.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="setting-up-the-vmail-directory">Setting up the vmail directory</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#setting-up-the-vmail-directory"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Setting up the vmail directory”</span></a></div>
<p>On your disk all the mailboxes will live in the directory <code dir="auto">/var/vmail</code>. To separate the mailboxes from the rest of your
system, lets create a new user and group that will own the mailboxes:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/ec.v4551.css"><script type="module" src="/_astro/ec.0vx5m.js"></script><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">groupadd</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">--system</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">vmail</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">useradd</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">--system</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">--gid</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">vmail</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">vmail</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">mkdir</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-p</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/var/vmail</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">chown</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-R</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">vmail:vmail</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/var/vmail</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">chmod</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">u=rwx,g=rx,o=</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/var/vmail</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="groupadd --system vmailuseradd --system --gid vmail vmailmkdir -p /var/vmailchown -R vmail:vmail /var/vmailchmod u=rwx,g=rx,o= /var/vmail"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="dovecot-configuration">Dovecot configuration</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#dovecot-configuration"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Dovecot configuration”</span></a></div>
<p>The configuration files for Dovecot are found in <code dir="auto">/etc/dovecot/conf.d</code>. All these files are loaded by Dovecot. This is
done by this magical line at the end of the <code dir="auto">/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf</code> file:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">!include conf.d/*.conf</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="!include conf.d/*.conf"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>It loads all files in <code dir="auto">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/</code> that end in “.conf” in alphanumerical order. Lets edit a couple of files
for our purpose.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="10-authconf">10-auth.conf</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#10-authconf"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “10-auth.conf”</span></a></div>
<p>The <code dir="auto">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf</code> file is dealing with authentication. At the end of this file you will find a list
of authentication backends that Dovecot ships with. By default it will use <em>system users</em> (those from /etc/passwd). But
we want to use the MariaDB database backend. Please comment out all include statements:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Edit your /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf</span></figcaption><pre data-language="text"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">#!include auth-system.conf.ext</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">#!include auth-sql.conf.ext</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">#!include auth-ldap.conf.ext</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">#!include auth-passwdfile.conf.ext</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">#!include auth-checkpassword.conf.ext</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">#!include auth-static.conf.ext</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="#!include auth-system.conf.ext#!include auth-sql.conf.ext#!include auth-ldap.conf.ext#!include auth-passwdfile.conf.ext#!include auth-checkpassword.conf.ext#!include auth-static.conf.ext"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Every line starting with <code dir="auto">#</code> is disabled. Only lines starting with <code dir="auto">!</code> are considered.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="10-mailconf--99-ispmail-mailconf">10-mail.conf / 99-ispmail-mail.conf</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#10-mailconf--99-ispmail-mailconf"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “10-mail.conf / 99-ispmail-mail.conf”</span></a></div>
<p>The file at <code dir="auto">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf</code> contains many settings regarding mailboxes, like where they are located,
who owns them and what is their layout? Create a new file <code dir="auto">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-mail.conf</code> that overrides
these defaults:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">cat</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-mail.conf</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">&#x3C;&#x3C;</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">mail_driver = maildir</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">mail_home = /var/vmail/%{user | domain}/%{user | username}</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">mail_path = ~/Maildir</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">mail_uid = vmail</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">mail_gid = vmail</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">mail_inbox_path = ~/Maildir/</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="cat > /etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-mail.conf << EOFmail_driver = maildirmail_home = /var/vmail/%{user | domain}/%{user | username}mail_path = ~/Maildirmail_uid = vmailmail_gid = vmailmail_inbox_path = ~/Maildir/EOF"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>This looks more sophisticated than with versions of Dovecot before 2.4. What it means:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>mail_driver</strong>: Mailboxes are stored in
<a href="https://doc.dovecot.org/2.4.1/core/config/mailbox_formats/maildir.html#maildir-mailbox-format">maildir</a> format.</li>
<li><strong>mail_home</strong>: Every mail user gets their own <em>home</em> directory in <code dir="auto">/var/vmail/DOMAIN/USER</code>. The <code dir="auto">user</code> variable
contains the email address like <code dir="auto">john@example.org</code>. The expression <code dir="auto">user | domain</code> splits off the <em>domain</em> part from
the email address. Similarly <code dir="auto">user | username</code> takes the part before the <code dir="auto">@</code> sign.</li>
<li><strong>mail_path</strong>: Within the <em>home</em> directory the actual mailbox will live in a subdirectory called <code dir="auto">Maildir</code>. The reason
is that we will store other data in the users <em>home</em> directory as well that should not conflict with the mailbox
directory.</li>
<li><strong>mail_uid</strong>/<strong>mail_gid</strong>: All mailboxes will be owned be the user and group <code dir="auto">vmail</code>.</li>
<li><strong>mail_inbox_path</strong>: A users main inbox consists of the directories <code dir="auto">cur</code> and <code dir="auto">new</code> inside the Maildir directory. We
used that schema in previous guides and make sure you can migrate your mailboxes from other mail servers. This
overrides the setting in in <code dir="auto">10-mail.conf</code>.</li>
</ul>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="10-masterconf--99-ispmail-masterconf">10-master.conf / 99-ispmail-master.conf</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#10-masterconf--99-ispmail-masterconf"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “10-master.conf / 99-ispmail-master.conf”</span></a></div>
<p>This configuration file at <code dir="auto">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf</code> deals with Dovecots <em>services</em>. A <em>service</em> is a part
of Dovecot that listens on a TCP port or a UNIX socket so that other parts of your system can use it. We want Postfix to
use Dovecot for authentication. So we need to change the <code dir="auto">service auth</code> section:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">cat</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-master.conf</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">&#x3C;&#x3C;</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">service auth {</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-auth {</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">mode = 0660</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">user = postfix</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">group = postfix</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">}</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">}</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="cat > /etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-master.conf << EOFservice auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-auth { mode = 0660 user = postfix group = postfix }}EOF"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>That way Dovecot will put a communication socket into <code dir="auto">/var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-auth</code>. It will allow Postfix
to authenticate your users which is relevant later when we set up <em>relaying</em>.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="10-sslconf--99-ispmail-sslconf">10-ssl.conf / 99-ispmail-ssl.conf</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#10-sslconf--99-ispmail-sslconf"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “10-ssl.conf / 99-ispmail-ssl.conf”</span></a></div>
<p>Earlier in this guide you created both a key and a certificate file to encrypt the communication with IMAPS and HTTPS
between the users and your mail server. You need to tell Dovecot where to find these files. Also set
<a href="https://doc.dovecot.org/2.4.1/core/config/ssl.html#how-to-specify-when-ssl-tls-is-required">ssl=required</a> to prevent
that someone sends their password without encryption. Again we will create a new file <code dir="auto">99-ispmail-ssl.conf</code> to override
the defaults.</p>
<aside aria-label="Important" class="starlight-aside starlight-aside--danger"> <p class="starlight-aside__title" aria-hidden="true"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="starlight-aside__icon astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M12 7a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v4a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Zm0 8a1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0-2Zm9.71-7.44-5.27-5.27a1.05 1.05 0 0 0-.71-.29H8.27a1.05 1.05 0 0 0-.71.29L2.29 7.56a1.05 1.05 0 0 0-.29.71v7.46c.004.265.107.518.29.71l5.27 5.27c.192.183.445.286.71.29h7.46a1.05 1.05 0 0 0 .71-.29l5.27-5.27a1.05 1.05 0 0 0 .29-.71V8.27a1.05 1.05 0 0 0-.29-.71ZM20 15.31 15.31 20H8.69L4 15.31V8.69L8.69 4h6.62L20 8.69v6.62Z"/></svg>Important </p> <div class="starlight-aside__content"> <p>Please replace <code dir="auto">mail.example.org</code> by the FQDN you chose.</p> </div> </aside>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">cat</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-ssl.conf</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">&#x3C;&#x3C;</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">ssl = required</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">ssl_server_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/fullchain.pem</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">ssl_server_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/privkey.pem</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="cat > /etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-ssl.conf << EOFssl = requiredssl_server_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/fullchain.pemssl_server_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/privkey.pemEOF"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="20-lmtpconf--99-ispmail-lmtpconf">20-lmtp.conf / 99-ispmail-lmtp.conf</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#20-lmtpconf--99-ispmail-lmtpconf"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “20-lmtp.conf / 99-ispmail-lmtp.conf”</span></a></div>
<p>There is one setting in the <code dir="auto">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/20-lmtp.conf</code> that will mess up the recipients email address in our
setup: <code dir="auto">auth_username_format</code>. So lets override it:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">cat</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-lmtp-username-format.conf</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">&#x3C;&#x3C;</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">protocol lmtp {</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">auth_username_format =</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">}</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="cat > /etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-lmtp-username-format.conf << EOFprotocol lmtp { auth_username_format =}EOF"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="99-ispmail-sqlconf">99-ispmail-sql.conf</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#99-ispmail-sqlconf"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “99-ispmail-sql.conf”</span></a></div>
<p>Lets tell Dovecot where to find information on an valid users (<em>userdb</em>) and their passwords (<em>passdb</em>). There are
suggestions in the <code dir="auto">auth-sql.conf.ext</code> file but we will add our own file:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">cat</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-sql.conf</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">&#x3C;&#x3C;</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">sql_driver = mysql</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">mysql /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock {</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">user = mailserver</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">password = 'MAILSERVER-PASSWORD-HERE'</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">dbname = mailserver</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">host = 127.0.0.1</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">}</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">userdb sql {</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">query = SELECT email as user, </span><span style="--0:#F78C6C;--1:#AA0982">\</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">IF(quota > 0, CONCAT(quota, 'B'), NULL) AS quota_storage_size </span><span style="--0:#F78C6C;--1:#AA0982">\</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%{user}'</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">iterate_query = SELECT email as user FROM virtual_users</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">}</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">passdb sql {</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">query = SELECT password FROM virtual_users where email='%{user}'</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">}</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#919F9F;--1:#5F636F"># fix permissions</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">chown</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">root:root</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-sql.conf</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">chmod</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">go=</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-sql.conf</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="cat > /etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-sql.conf << EOFsql_driver = mysqlmysql /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock { user = mailserver password = &#x27;MAILSERVER-PASSWORD-HERE&#x27; dbname = mailserver host = 127.0.0.1}userdb sql { query = SELECT email as user, \ IF(quota > 0, CONCAT(quota, &#x27;B&#x27;), NULL) AS quota_storage_size \ FROM virtual_users WHERE email=&#x27;%{user}&#x27; iterate_query = SELECT email as user FROM virtual_users}passdb sql { query = SELECT password FROM virtual_users where email=&#x27;%{user}&#x27;}EOF# fix permissionschown root:root /etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-sql.confchmod go= /etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-sql.conf"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>That configuration file defines how to get a users data from the database. The two lookups are:</p>
<ul>
<li><code dir="auto">userdb sql</code>: get information on the user; e.g. if the user exists and what the <em>quota</em> is</li>
<li><code dir="auto">passdb sql</code>: authenticate the user / validate the password</li>
</ul>
<p>The <em>quota</em> logic is explained and used later in this guide. <em>Quota</em> is the amount of space that a user can use to store
their emails. If the quota is reached then further incoming emails will get rejected until the user removes mails to
make some space.</p>
<p>Dovecot can also read the path to a users home directory and the user-ID and group-ID from the database. Our setup has
a fixed schema for the home directory (<code dir="auto">/var/vmail/DOMAIN/USER</code>) (as defined by <code dir="auto">mail_home</code>) and the user and group are
always <code dir="auto">vmail</code> and <code dir="auto">vmail</code>.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h3"><h3 id="99-ispmail-managesieveconf">99-ispmail-managesieve.conf</h3><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#99-ispmail-managesieveconf"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “99-ispmail-managesieve.conf”</span></a></div>
<p>Later, we will implement server-side automation using <strong>Sieve</strong> rules. By default, Dovecot exposes two TCP ports to the
internet: 2000 and 4190. Port 2000 is deprecated anyway and can be safely disabled, while port 4190 is the one we will
use. However, unless you have a compelling reason, it is recommended not to make this port publicly accessible. So let
us restrict it to the <em>localhost</em> interface:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">cat</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-managesieve.conf</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">&#x3C;&#x3C;</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">service managesieve-login {</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"># Listen only on localhost</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">inet_listener sieve {</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">listen= 127.0.0.1</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">port = 4190</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">}</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"># Disable the deprecated listener</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">inet_listener sieve_deprecated {</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">port = 0</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0"> </span></span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">}</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">}</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="cat > /etc/dovecot/conf.d/99-ispmail-managesieve.conf << EOFservice managesieve-login { # Listen only on localhost inet_listener sieve { listen= 127.0.0.1 port = 4190 } # Disable the deprecated listener inet_listener sieve_deprecated { port = 0 }}EOF"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p><em>(Thanks to Thomas Gauweiler for spotting that.)</em></p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="restart-and-test">Restart and test</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#restart-and-test"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Restart and test”</span></a></div>
<p>Restart Dovecot from the shell:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">systemctl</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">restart</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">dovecot</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="systemctl restart dovecot"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Check your logs:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">journalctl</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-fu</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">dovecot</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="journalctl -fu dovecot"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>You should see:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">dovecot[13309]: master: Dovecot v2.4.1-4 (7d8c0e5759) starting up for imap, lmtp, sieve (core dumps disabled)</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">systemd[1]: Started dovecot.service - Dovecot IMAP/POP3 email server.</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="dovecot[13309]: master: Dovecot v2.4.1-4 (7d8c0e5759) starting up for imap, lmtp, sieve (core dumps disabled)systemd[1]: Started dovecot.service - Dovecot IMAP/POP3 email server."><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>If you get any error messages please double-check your configuration files.</p>
<aside aria-label="Why there is no /var/log/mail.log?" class="starlight-aside starlight-aside--tip"> <p class="starlight-aside__title" aria-hidden="true"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="starlight-aside__icon astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.44 8.855v-.001l3.527-3.516c.34-.344.802-.541 1.285-.548h6.649l.947-.947c3.07-3.07 6.207-3.072 7.62-2.868a1.821 1.821 0 0 1 1.557 1.557c.204 1.413.203 4.55-2.868 7.62l-.946.946v6.649a1.845 1.845 0 0 1-.549 1.286l-3.516 3.528a1.844 1.844 0 0 1-3.11-.944l-.858-4.275-4.52-4.52-2.31-.463-1.964-.394A1.847 1.847 0 0 1 .98 10.693a1.843 1.843 0 0 1 .46-1.838Zm5.379 2.017-3.873-.776L6.32 6.733h4.638l-4.14 4.14Zm8.403-5.655c2.459-2.46 4.856-2.463 5.89-2.33.134 1.035.13 3.432-2.329 5.891l-6.71 6.71-3.561-3.56 6.71-6.711Zm-1.318 15.837-.776-3.873 4.14-4.14v4.639l-3.364 3.374Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path d="M9.318 18.345a.972.972 0 0 0-1.86-.561c-.482 1.435-1.687 2.204-2.934 2.619a8.22 8.22 0 0 1-1.23.302c.062-.365.157-.79.303-1.229.415-1.247 1.184-2.452 2.62-2.935a.971.971 0 1 0-.62-1.842c-.12.04-.236.084-.35.13-2.02.828-3.012 2.588-3.493 4.033a10.383 10.383 0 0 0-.51 2.845l-.001.016v.063c0 .536.434.972.97.972H2.24a7.21 7.21 0 0 0 .878-.065c.527-.063 1.248-.19 2.02-.447 1.445-.48 3.205-1.472 4.033-3.494a5.828 5.828 0 0 0 .147-.407Z"/></svg>Why there is no /var/log/mail.log? </p> <div class="starlight-aside__content"> <p>In previous guides we used to check the log output from Postfix and Dovecot in a file called <code dir="auto">/var/log/mail.log</code>.
However in the age of <em>systemd</em> the output of the processes is written to systemds <em>journal</em> instead.</p><p>To read the complete logs of Dovecot, run (u=unit):</p><div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">journalctl</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-u</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">dovecot</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="journalctl -u dovecot"><div></div></button></div></figure></div><p>To <code dir="auto">tail -f</code> the logs (f=follow):</p><div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">journalctl</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-fu</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">dovecot</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="journalctl -fu dovecot"><div></div></button></div></figure></div><p>However on a busy server it will show the entire journal and then follow any changes. You may want to limit the output
to the last 10 lines:</p><div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">journalctl</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-n</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#F78C6C;--1:#AA0982">10</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-fu</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">dovecot</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="journalctl -n 10 -fu dovecot"><div></div></button></div></figure></div><p>If you prefer the old way of having log files, just install the <code dir="auto">rsyslog</code> package.</p> </div> </aside>
<aside aria-label="Test it" class="starlight-aside starlight-aside--note"> <p class="starlight-aside__title" aria-hidden="true"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="starlight-aside__icon astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="m14.72 8.79-4.29 4.3-1.65-1.65a1 1 0 1 0-1.41 1.41l2.35 2.36a1 1 0 0 0 1.41 0l5-5a1.002 1.002 0 1 0-1.41-1.42ZM12 2a10 10 0 1 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0 0-20Zm0 18a8 8 0 1 1 0-16.001A8 8 0 0 1 12 20Z"/></svg>Test it </p> <div class="starlight-aside__content"> <p>To test the <code dir="auto">userdb</code> query:</p><div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">doveadm</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">user</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">john@example.org</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="doveadm user john@example.org"><div></div></button></div></figure></div><p>That should give you:</p><div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">field value</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">uid vmail</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">gid vmail</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">home /var/vmail/example.org/john</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">mail_path /var/vmail/example.org/john/Maildir</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="field valueuid vmailgid vmailhome /var/vmail/example.org/johnmail_path /var/vmail/example.org/john/Maildir"><div></div></button></div></figure></div><p>To test the <code dir="auto">iterate</code> query that gets a list of all users:</p><div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">doveadm</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">user</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">*</span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="doveadm user &#x27;*&#x27;"><div></div></button></div></figure></div><p>As there is currently only one user the output should be:</p><div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">john@example.org</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="john@example.org"><div></div></button></div></figure></div> </div> </aside> </div> <footer> <footer class="sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <div class="meta sl-flex astro-3yyafb3n"> <p>Last updated: <time datetime="2025-11-01T00:00:00.000Z">Nov 1, 2025</time></p> </div> <div class="pagination-links print:hidden astro-u2l5gyhi" dir="ltr"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/postfix/" rel="prev" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17 11H9.41l3.3-3.29a1.004 1.004 0 1 0-1.42-1.42l-5 5a1 1 0 0 0-.21.33 1 1 0 0 0 0 .76 1 1 0 0 0 .21.33l5 5a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 1.639-.325 1 1 0 0 0-.219-1.095L9.41 13H17a1 1 0 0 0 0-2Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Previous <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">Postfix</span> </span> </a> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/lmtp/" rel="next" class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="astro-u2l5gyhi astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.5rem;"><path d="M17.92 11.62a1.001 1.001 0 0 0-.21-.33l-5-5a1.003 1.003 0 1 0-1.42 1.42l3.3 3.29H7a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h7.59l-3.3 3.29a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 .325 1.639 1 1 0 0 0 1.095-.219l5-5a1 1 0 0 0 .21-.33 1 1 0 0 0 0-.76Z"/></svg> <span class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> Next <br class="astro-u2l5gyhi"> <span class="link-title astro-u2l5gyhi">LMTP</span> </span> </a> </div> </footer> <script defer src="https://comentario.workaround.org/comentario.js"></script>
<comentario-comments no-fonts="true" id="comments"></comentario-comments> <div class="myfooter">
This guide is maintained by <a href="mailto:ispmail@christoph-haas.de">Christoph Haas</a> since 2003. All content on workaround.org can be used under the terms of
the
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons BY-NC-SA license</a>.
Penguin image based on AI art because I suck at drawing.
</div> </footer> </div> </div> </main> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body></html>