ispmail-workaround-org/dist/ispmail-trixie/tls-certificate/index.html
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</script> <ul class="top-level astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="0"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 13</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/upgrading/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Upgrading from Debian Bookworm</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-debian/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/virtual-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Virtual domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Database setup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/overview/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/tls-certificate/" aria-current="page" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/lmtp/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">LMTP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/webmail/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/relaying/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Sending / Relaying</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/anti-spoofing-dkim-spf/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM and SPF</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/catch-all/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all addresses</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/going-live/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Going live</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-trixie/automated-installation/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Automated installation</span> </a> </li> </ul> </details> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <details open class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <sl-sidebar-restore data-index="1"></sl-sidebar-restore> <summary class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="group-label astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="large astro-3ii7xxms">ISPmail for Debian 12</span> </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="caret astro-3ii7xxms astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1.25rem;"><path d="m14.83 11.29-4.24-4.24a1 1 0 1 0-1.42 1.41L12.71 12l-3.54 3.54a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 1 1 0 0 0 .71.29 1 1 0 0 0 .71-.29l4.24-4.24a1.002 1.002 0 0 0 0-1.42Z"/></svg> </summary> <ul class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Start here</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/whats-new/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">What&#39;s new</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/migrating-from-a-bullseye-to-a-bookworm-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Migrating from your old (Bullseye) server</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/big-picture/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">The big picture</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/types-of-email-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Types of email domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-debian-bookworm-on-your-server/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Installing Debian</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/install-the-software-packages/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Install software packages</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/creating-a-tls-encryption-key-and-certificate/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">TLS certificate</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prepare-the-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Preparing the database</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/making-postfix-get-its-information-from-the-mariadb-database/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix access MariaDB</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catchall-aliases/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catch-all aliases</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-up-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting up Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/let-postfix-send-emails-to-dovecot/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Let Postfix send emails to Dovecot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/quotas/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Quotas</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-imap/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing IMAP</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/webmail-using-roundcube/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Webmail using Roundcube</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/testing-email-delivery/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Testing email delivery</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/relaying-outgoing-emails-through-postfix/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Relaying outgoing emails through Postfix</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/catching-spam-with-rspamd/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Catching spam with rspamd</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/setting-dns-records/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Setting DNS records</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/prevent-spoofing-using-dkim/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Prevent spoofing using DKIM</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/managing-users-aliases-and-domains/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Managing users, aliases and domains</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/monitoring-and-backup/" aria-current="false" class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <span class="astro-3ii7xxms">Monitoring and Backup</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-3ii7xxms"> <a href="/ispmail-bookworm/automatic-installation-with-ansible/" aria-current="false" 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<a href="#_top" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Overview</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#certbot" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Certbot</span> </a> </li><li class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <a href="#renewal" class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <span class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;">Renewal</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div></details></nav></mobile-starlight-toc><script type="module" src="/_astro/MobileTableOfContents.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.C181hMzK.js"></script></div><div class="right-sidebar-panel sl-hidden lg:sl-block astro-pb3aqygn"><div class="sl-container astro-pb3aqygn"><starlight-toc data-min-h="2" data-max-h="3"><nav aria-labelledby="starlight__on-this-page"><h2 id="starlight__on-this-page">On this page</h2><ul class="astro-g2bywc46" style="--depth: 0;"> <li 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class="content-panel astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-container astro-7nkwcw3z"> <div class="sl-markdown-content"> <div class="step-box astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="step-title astro-qx6puev2">Todo list for receiving emails</div> <ol class="steps astro-qx6puev2"> <li class="step astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="circle done astro-qx6puev2"> 1 </div> <p class="label astro-qx6puev2">DNS records point to your server</p> </li><li class="step astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="circle current astro-qx6puev2"> 2 </div> <p class="label astro-qx6puev2">Get a certificate from Let&#39;s Encrypt</p> </li><li class="step astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="circle todo astro-qx6puev2"> 3 </div> <p class="label astro-qx6puev2">Postfix fetches information from MariaDB</p> </li><li class="step astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="circle todo astro-qx6puev2"> 4 </div> <p class="label astro-qx6puev2">Dovecot fetches information from MariaDB</p> </li><li class="step astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="circle todo astro-qx6puev2"> 5 </div> <p class="label astro-qx6puev2">Postfix hands over emails to Dovecot</p> </li><li class="step astro-qx6puev2"> <div class="circle todo astro-qx6puev2"> 6 </div> <p class="label astro-qx6puev2">Dovecot saves the email to disk</p> </li> </ol> </div>
<p>Your mail server cant work properly without a valid TLS certificate. It will be used in three places:</p>
<ol>
<li>the <strong>webmail</strong> interface (driven by the Apache web server)</li>
<li><strong>Postfix</strong> (to encrypt SMTP communication with other mail servers on the internet where possible)</li>
<li><strong>Dovecot</strong> (to encrypt IMAP/POP3 communication)</li>
</ol>
<p>Your mail server will be able to host email addresses for many domains. But a TLS certificate is usually issued for a
single <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fully_qualified_domain_name">FQDN</a> like <code dir="auto">mail.example.org</code>. That <em>common name</em> is
an important part of the certificate. It must match the name your users use to talk to the server.</p>
<p><strong>Correct</strong>: Your mail server is addressed as <code dir="auto">mail.example.org</code>. The TLS certificate was also issued to
<code dir="auto">mail.example.org</code>.</p>
<p><strong>Wrong</strong>: Your mail server is addressed as <code dir="auto">smtp01.example.com</code>. But the TLS certificate was issued to
<code dir="auto">mail.example.org</code>.</p>
<p>So choose an FQDN for your mail server. For example I use <code dir="auto">webmail.workaround.org</code> for my personal server.</p>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="certbot">Certbot</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#certbot"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Certbot”</span></a></div>
<p>You already have the <code dir="auto">certbot</code> software and the <code dir="auto">apache2</code> web server installed. Requesting a certificate from Lets
Encrypt is as simple as running the next command.</p>
<aside aria-label="Important" class="starlight-aside starlight-aside--danger"> <p class="starlight-aside__title" aria-hidden="true"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="starlight-aside__icon astro-c6vsoqas" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" style="--sl-icon-size: 1em;"><path d="M12 7a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v4a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Zm0 8a1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0-2Zm9.71-7.44-5.27-5.27a1.05 1.05 0 0 0-.71-.29H8.27a1.05 1.05 0 0 0-.71.29L2.29 7.56a1.05 1.05 0 0 0-.29.71v7.46c.004.265.107.518.29.71l5.27 5.27c.192.183.445.286.71.29h7.46a1.05 1.05 0 0 0 .71-.29l5.27-5.27a1.05 1.05 0 0 0 .29-.71V8.27a1.05 1.05 0 0 0-.29-.71ZM20 15.31 15.31 20H8.69L4 15.31V8.69L8.69 4h6.62L20 8.69v6.62Z"/></svg>Important </p> <div class="starlight-aside__content"> <p>Please replace <code dir="auto">mail.example.org</code> by the FQDN you chose.</p> </div> </aside>
<div class="expressive-code"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/ec.v4551.css"><script type="module" src="/_astro/ec.0vx5m.js"></script><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">certbot</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">--apache</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">--register-unsafely-without-email</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">--agree-tos</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">-d</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">mail.example.org</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="certbot --apache --register-unsafely-without-email --agree-tos -d mail.example.org"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<details class="collapsible"><summary>Click here to learn what the options mean…</summary><ul>
<li><strong>--apache</strong>: Use the <a href="https://letsencrypt.org/docs/challenge-types/">HTTP challenge</a> to verify that you are actually
in control of the FQDN. The certbot plugin will add some configuration to intercept HTTP requests to
<code dir="auto">/.well-known/acme-challenge/…</code> on your web server. This is a fully automatic process that does not even have to stop
your web server.</li>
<li><strong>--register-unsafely-without-email</strong>: Do not ask for an email address to send to Lets Encrypt. Before June 2025
Lets Encrypt used that address to inform you if your certificate is about to expire and the automatic renewal failed.
Nowadays they do not need an email any more. But for historical reasons they still ask for it by default.</li>
<li><strong>--agree-tos</strong>: Confirm that you have read Lets Encrypts terms and conditions. Lets be honest nobody reads that.</li>
<li><strong>-d</strong>: The domain that the certificate will be issued to. This has to be the exact FQDN of your server.</li>
</ul></details>
<p>The output should look like:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame not-content"><figcaption class="header"></figcaption><pre data-language="plaintext"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">Requesting a certificate for mail.example.org</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">Successfully received certificate.</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">Certificate is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/fullchain.pem</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">Key is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/privkey.pem</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">This certificate expires on 2025-11-22.</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">These files will be updated when the certificate renews.</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">Certbot has set up a scheduled task to automatically renew this certificate in the background.</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">Deploying certificate</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">Successfully deployed certificate for mail.example.org to /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default-le-ssl.conf</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">Congratulations! You have successfully enabled HTTPS on https://mail.example.org</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53"> </span></span><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">* Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span class="indent"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53"> </span></span><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">* Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#d6deeb;--1:#403f53">- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.logRequesting a certificate for mail.example.orgSuccessfully received certificate.Certificate is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/fullchain.pemKey is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.org/privkey.pemThis certificate expires on 2025-11-22.These files will be updated when the certificate renews.Certbot has set up a scheduled task to automatically renew this certificate in the background.Deploying certificateSuccessfully deployed certificate for mail.example.org to /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default-le-ssl.confCongratulations! You have successfully enabled HTTPS on https://mail.example.org- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by: * Donating to ISRG / Let&#x27;s Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate * Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<details class="collapsible"><summary>Click here to learn which files have been created…</summary><p>In /etc/letsencrypt/live/<strong>mail.example.org</strong> you will find a couple of files now:</p><ul>
<li><strong>cert.pem</strong>: the certificate file</li>
<li><strong>chain.pem</strong>: the <em>chaining</em> or <em>intermediate</em> certificate. This certificate provides information how the LetsEncrypt
certificates are linked to other known certificate authorities. It is generally a good idea to always send this
certificate along with your own for clients who may not know LetsEncrypt properly yet.</li>
<li><strong>fullchain.pem</strong>: this file contains a concatenation of the <em>cert.pem</em> and the <em>chain.pem</em>. This is the preferred
file to use when a piece of software asks where to find the <em>certificate</em>.</li>
<li><strong>privkey.pem</strong>: the private key file. Keep it secret.</li>
</ul><p>Well, actually those are not files but <em>symbolic links</em> pointing to the “archive” directory. But dont worry about that.</p></details>
<div class="sl-heading-wrapper level-h2"><h2 id="renewal">Renewal</h2><a class="sl-anchor-link" href="#renewal"><span aria-hidden="true" class="sl-anchor-icon"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentcolor" d="m12.11 15.39-3.88 3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0-3.5l3.88-3.88a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-3.88 3.89a4.48 4.48 0 0 0 6.33 6.33l3.89-3.88a1 1 0 1 0-1.42-1.42Zm8.58-12.08a4.49 4.49 0 0 0-6.33 0l-3.89 3.88a1 1 0 0 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.88a2.52 2.52 0 0 1 3.5 0 2.47 2.47 0 0 1 0 3.5l-3.88 3.88a1 1 0 1 0 1.42 1.42l3.88-3.89a4.49 4.49 0 0 0 0-6.33ZM8.83 15.17a1 1 0 0 0 1.1.22 1 1 0 0 0 .32-.22l4.92-4.92a1 1 0 0 0-1.42-1.42l-4.92 4.92a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.42Z"></path></svg></span><span class="sr-only">Section titled “Renewal”</span></a></div>
<p>Your new certificate is only valid for 3 months. Fortunately the renewal is happening automatically. A <em>systemd timer</em>
checks your certificate frequently and triggers a renewal one month before it expires.</p>
<p>It is important that services that use the certificate load the new certificate after an automatic renewal. This shell
command will create a file <code dir="auto">/etc/letsencrypt/cli.ini</code> that handles it:</p>
<div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">cat</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">></span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">/etc/letsencrypt/cli.ini</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#7FDBCA;--1:#096E72">&#x3C;&#x3C;</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">'EOF'</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D"># Restart services after renewing a certificate</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">post-hook = systemctl reload postfix dovecot apache2</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D"># Because we are using logrotate for greater flexibility, disable the</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D"># internal certbot logrotation.</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">max-log-backups = 0</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code">
</div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D"># Adjust interactive output regarding automated renewal</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#984E4D">preconfigured-renewal = True</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#D9F5DD;--1:#111111">EOF</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="cat > /etc/letsencrypt/cli.ini << &#x27;EOF&#x27;# Restart services after renewing a certificatepost-hook = systemctl reload postfix dovecot apache2# Because we are using logrotate for greater flexibility, disable the# internal certbot logrotation.max-log-backups = 0# Adjust interactive output regarding automated renewalpreconfigured-renewal = TrueEOF"><div></div></button></div></figure></div>
<p>Perfect. You wont have to worry about the certificate again.</p>
<details class="collapsible"><summary>Click here to learn how the renewal works…</summary><p>These commands will show you the definition and status of the timer and the renewal service:</p><div class="expressive-code"><figure class="frame is-terminal has-title not-content"><figcaption class="header"><span class="title">Run this on your server</span></figcaption><pre data-language="sh"><code><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">systemctl</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">status</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">certbot.timer</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">systemctl</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">cat</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">certbot.timer</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">systemctl</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">status</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">certbot.service</span></div></div><div class="ec-line"><div class="code"><span style="--0:#82AAFF;--1:#3B61B0">systemctl</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">cat</span><span style="--0:#D6DEEB;--1:#403F53"> </span><span style="--0:#ECC48D;--1:#3B61B0">certbot.service</span></div></div></code></pre><div class="copy"><div aria-live="polite"></div><button title="Copy to clipboard" data-copied="Copied!" data-code="systemctl status certbot.timersystemctl cat certbot.timersystemctl status certbot.servicesystemctl cat certbot.service"><div></div></button></div></figure></div><p><em>Systemd timers</em> are similar to cron jobs. They require more work to set up but have some nice features and make you
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